复张-膨胀比评估急性呼吸窘迫综合征肺可复张性的研究进展
Research progress on the recruitment-to-inflation ratio for assessing lung recruitability in acute respiratory distress syndrome
急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)以肺泡不均匀塌陷和难治性低氧血症为特征,给机械通气策略的优化带来巨大挑战。由于ARDS患者肺可复张性存在显著的个体差异,最佳肺复张操作(RMs)及呼气末正压(PEEP)的设定策略仍存在争议。复张-膨胀比(R/I)是近年来提出的一种床旁评估指标,通过分析不同PEEP水平下呼吸系统顺应性的变化,进而量化肺泡可复张性,为个体化通气策略提供决策依据。R/I操作简便,无须额外设备,可在床旁重复测定以动态追踪治疗反应。多项研究证实,R/I与计算机断层扫描、电阻抗断层扫描及肺部超声等方法评估的可复张性具有良好的一致性。然而,现有证据多来自小样本、单中心研究,不同呼吸机型号间的测量差异可能影响R/I的准确性,且目前尚缺乏公认的高/低可复张性判定阈值。未来研究需进一步通过大样本、多中心临床试验验证其可靠性,明确R/I在ARDS治疗中平衡复张获益与呼吸机相关肺损伤风险方面的临床价值。
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by heterogeneous alveolar collapse and refractory hypoxemia, posing significant challenges to the optimization of mechanical ventilation strategies. Given the substantial inter-patient variability in lung recruitability, optimal approaches for lung recruitment maneuvers (RMs) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) settings remain controversial. The recruitment-to-inflation ratio (R/I), a recently proposed bedside assessment tool, quantifies alveolar recruitability by analyzing changes in respiratory system compliance across different PEEP levels, thereby providing a basis for individualized ventilation strategies. R/I is simple to perform, requires no additional equipment, and can be repeatedly measured at the bedside to dynamically track treatment responses. Multiple studies have demonstrated good agreement between R/I and recruitability assessed by computed tomography, electrical impedance tomography, and lung ultrasound. However, the current evidence is predominantly derived from small-sample, single-center studies. Measurement discrepancies across different ventilator models may compromise the accuracy of R/I, and no universally accepted threshold for distinguishing high from low recruitability has been established. Future large-scale, multicenter clinical trials are warranted to further validate the reliability of R/I and to clarify its clinical value in balancing the benefits of lung recruitment against the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury in ARDS management.
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国家自然科学基金(82301553)
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