经鼻高流量氧疗与无创正压通气在急性心力衰竭伴Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者中的应用效果比较
刘国满 , 刘振海 , 郑琳琳 , 康秀文
中国现代医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (16) : 89 -95.
经鼻高流量氧疗与无创正压通气在急性心力衰竭伴Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者中的应用效果比较
Comparison of the application effects of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with acute heart failure complicated by type Ⅰ respiratory failure
目的 比较经鼻高流量氧疗与无创正压通气在急性心力衰竭伴Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者中的应用效果。 方法 回顾性分析2020年1月—2025年1月徐州医科大学附属连云港医院收治的92例急性心力衰竭伴Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者的临床资料,根据治疗方法分为对照组(48例)和观察组(44例)。两组患者均接受常规扩血管、利尿等治疗,对照组在常规治疗基础上接受无创正压通气,观察组在常规治疗基础上接受经鼻高流量氧疗。比较两组患者治疗前和治疗24 h后的生命体征(呼吸频率、心率)、血气指标[动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)]、心功能[左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)]和心肌损伤指标[肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、氨基末端B型钠尿肽原(NT-pro BNP)、心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnⅠ)],记录患者误吸、鼻面部压伤、胃肠胀气、不耐受等并发症情况。比较6个月后的气管插管率、治疗失败率、死亡率。 结果 观察组治疗后呼吸频率、心率均低于对照组(P <0.05);两组治疗后呼吸频率、心率均低于治疗前(P <0.05)。观察组PaO2、SpO2均高于对照组,PaCO2低于对照组(P <0.05);两组治疗后PaO2、SpO2高于治疗前,PaCO2低于治疗前(P <0.05)。两组治疗后LVEDD、LVESD均低于治疗前、LVEF高于治疗前(P <0.05)。两组治疗后CK-MB、NT-pro BNP、cTnⅠ均低于治疗前(P <0.05)。观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组(P <0.05)。两组气管插管率、治疗失败率、死亡率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P >0.05)。 结论 经鼻高流量氧疗在改善急性心力衰竭伴Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭患者生命体征与血气指标方面的疗效优于无创正压通气,且并发症发生率低,具有更好的安全性。
Objective To compare the application effects of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with acute heart failure complicated by type Ⅰ respiratory failure. Methods Clinical data of 92 patients with acute heart failure complicated by type Ⅰ respiratory failure, treated in our hospital from January 2020 to January 2025, were retrospectively collected. According to the treatment methods, the patients were divided into a control group and an observation group. All patients received conventional treatments including vasodilation and diuresis. The control group comprised 48 cases, receiving non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in addition to conventional therapy. The observation group comprised 44 cases, receiving high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in addition to conventional therapy. The vital signs (respiratory rate, heart rate), blood gas indicators (arterial partial pressure of oxygen, blood oxygen saturation, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide), cardiac function [left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD)] and myocardial injury markers [creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnⅠ) ] were compared between the two groups before treatment and 24 hours after treatment. The complications such as aspiration, nasal and facial pressure injuries, flatulence, and intolerance were recorded. The tracheal intubation rate, treatment failure rate, and mortality rate at 6 months were compared between the two groups. Results The respiratory rate and heart rate in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment (P < 0.05). Within each group, both the respiratory rate and heart rate decreased significantly after treatment compared with baseline (P < 0.05). In both groups, PaO2 and SpO2 increased significantly while PaCO2 decreased significantly after treatment compared with baseline (P < 0.05). LVEF was higher and LVEDD and LVESD were lower after treatment than those before treatment in both groups (P < 0.05). The levels of CK-MB, NT-pro BNP and cTnⅠ after treatment were also lower relative to pre-treatment values in both groups (P < 0.05). The overall complication rate in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the tracheal intubation rate, treatment failure rate, or mortality rate between the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy is superior to non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in improving vital signs and blood gas indicators in patients with acute heart failure complicated by type Ⅰ respiratory failure, with a lower incidence of complications and better safety.
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