粪肥絮凝清液重塑大麦根际土壤微生物群落

摘要

为有效利用养殖业粪污资源,试验设 5 个处理,分别以阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)、硫酸铁(IS)、三氯化铁(IC)和聚合硫酸铁(PFCS)处理粪液,以蒸馏水(FW)为对照；通过絮凝方法对囊式厌氧发酵液体粪肥进行固液分离,以清液灌溉作物,分析其对土壤微生物群落及功能的影响,探索粪污絮凝物在水肥管理领域的应用前景。结果表明：CPAM 和 PFCS 的清液含有更高质量浓度的植物必需营养元素。大麦盆栽 50 d 试验结果表明,清液对土壤 pH 影响较小,仅 IS 的 pH 小幅降低。各处理土壤中细菌多样性和丰富度由高到低依次为 PFCS 处理、CPAM 处理、FW 处理、IS 处理、IC 处理,而真菌指数组间差异不显著。细菌中浮霉菌门(Planctomycetota)、卡帕菌门(Candidatus Kapabacteria)和互养菌门(Synergistota)等受絮凝剂种类影响显著,IC 与 IS 处理的群落组成接近,营养和 pH 环境对特定物种丰度均有显著影响。CPAM 和 PFCS 处理的反硝化和粪便腐生功能基因丰度增加。施用絮凝清液具有提高土壤养分的潜力,但对微生物群落和功能的影响因絮凝剂种类而存在差异,使用前需充分评估其安全性。

关键词

粪肥 / 絮凝清液 / 大麦 / 根际土壤 / 土壤微生物群落

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基金资助

黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2024D004)