This paper aims to compare the differences of burning properties of 12 typical tree species in Xiaoxing’anling,and to provide reference for the selection and allocation of fireproof forest tree species. In the study, the 12 kinds of shrubs in the Xiaoxing’anling region of Heilongjiang Province are taken as the main research subjects, with their stems, branches, and leaves measured separately for the combustibility indicators. The hierarchical analysis method (AHP) is then applied to construct a hierarchical model of the combustibility of shrub plants, determining the weights of each index of combustibility, calculating the combustibility values of different parts of the shrub, and confirming the weight ratio of each part of the shrub in combination with expert scoring methods to arrive at the combustibility ranking of 12 kinds of shrub. It has been revealed by the research results that: in terms of the whole plant, Rosa davurica has the strongest combustibility, while Lonicera japonica has the weakest. Compared the combustibility of the stem, the most easily ignited is Sambucus williamsii and the hardest to ignite is Lonicera japonica. Compared the branch combustibility, the most easily ignited is Sambucus williamsii and the hardest to ignite is Lonicera japonica. Compared the combustibility of leaves, those of Acanthopanax senticosus are most easily ignited and those of Tamarix ramosissima are the hardest to be ignited. The results can provide a theoretical basis for the shrub′s combustibility and a support for predicting forest fire behavior, and combustible materials management.
森林可燃物是林火发生的主要载体[5],可燃物的理化性质,如燃点、发热量、挥发性油类、灰分和含水量等,直接影响林火的发生发展[6-7]。目前,国内外学者采用不同的分析评价方法对森林可燃物的燃烧性开展了大量的研究,单延龙等[8]利用主成分分析法对大兴安岭地区16种抗火树种叶片燃烧性进行排序;王坚[9]通过层次分析法对北京十三陵林场可燃物燃烧性划分了等级;Dickson等[10]测定了塔斯马尼亚一些重要树种的燃烧性及热值,认为针叶比阔叶易燃;陈存及等[11]对福建37个针叶树种鲜叶的含水率、粗脂肪、粗灰分和燃点等10个因子进行了测定,并运用发展性人工智能(artificial intelligence for development,AID)方法将37个树种划分为6个抗火性能等级;胡海清[12]测定了大兴安岭主要森林可燃物的燃烧性,提出了该地区可燃物燃烧性等级划分的综合指标;郭文霞等[13]根据树种的理化性质,结合生物学特性和生态学特性,研究了北京地区主要乔木树种的抗火性,并运用主成分分析法及专家打分法对其抗火性进行了排序;周勇等[14-15]对吉林省常见的44种园林乔木、17种典型森林类型的地表凋落物的理化性质进行了分析,并对其燃烧性进行了评价。对森林可燃物燃烧性的研究主要集中在乔木和地表可燃物上,而对灌木燃烧性的关注较为欠缺。
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