为探究东北红豆杉对全球变暖的适应对策,基于稳定同位素技术,以不同生长阶段东北红豆杉(幼苗、幼树、成树)为研究对象,分析其叶片稳定碳同位素组成(δ13C)、水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)的季节动态及影响因子。结果表明,不同生长阶段东北红豆杉叶片δ13C值变化范围为-3.051%~-2.939%,平均值为-2.981%±0.061%;WUE变化范围为58.96~71.68μmol/mol,平均值为66.87μmol/mol±6.90μmol/mol。东北红豆杉δ13C值和WUE随季节变化由大到小排序为生长季前期(6月)、生长季中期(8月)、生长季后期(9月),不同生长阶段由大到小为成树、幼树、幼苗。不同生长阶段东北红豆杉WUE均与10 cm土壤含水量呈显著线性负相关(幼苗,y=-0.82x+107.29,R2=0.80,P<0.01;幼树,y=-0.34x+84.17,R2=0.45,P<0.05;成树,y=-0.93x+101.32,R2=0.44,P<0.05),土壤含水量是东北红豆杉WUE的主控因子。不同生长阶段东北红豆杉根据植株个体水分需求及受外界水热因子影响程度选择不同的水分利用策略。
Abstract
In order to explore the adaptation strategies of Taxus cuspidata to global warming, the seasonal dynamics and influencing factors of stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) and water use efficiency (WUE) of Taxus cuspidata (seedling, sapling, mature tree) at different growth stages were analyzed based on stable isotope technique. The results showed that the δ13C values of Taxus cuspidata leaves at different growth stages ranged from -3.051% to -2.939%, with an average value of -2.981%±0.061%. WUE ranged from 58.96 to 71.68 μmol/mol, with an average of 66.87 μmol/mol±6.90 μmol/mol. The δ13C and WUE of Taxus cuspidata showed a decreasing trend of early growing season (June) >middle growing season (August) > late growing season (September), and the mature tree>sapling>seedling, at different growth stages. There was a significant linear negative correlation between WUE and 10 cm soil water content in different growth stages of Taxus cuspidata (seedling, y=-0.82x+107.29, R2=0.80, P<0.01; sapling, y=-0.34x+84.17, R2=0.45, P<0.05; mature tree, y=-0.93x+101.32, R2=0.44, P<0.05). Soil water content was the main controlling factor of WUE of Taxus cuspidata. Taxus cuspidata in different growth stagesselected different water use strategies according to individual water demand and the degree of influence by external water and heat factors.
全球变暖是当今世界的焦点问题,温度升高将改变全球水文平衡。土壤水分限制会影响植物碳水循环,阻碍植物生长,增加植物死亡率,改变植物群落结构和组成,降低初级总产量[1-3]。近些年,相关研究多集中在碳储存[4]、碳动态[5-6]和生态系统水循环[7-8]等方面。然而,探索碳循环和水循环的相互作用对于评估气候变化的影响至关重要。植物水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)作为检验碳循环和水循环之间联系的关键参数,被认为是理解生态系统碳水收支对气候变化响应的关键因素,也是探明植物对当前和潜在气候变化适应性的重要指标[9-10]。野外条件下,水分利用效率作为一种生理指标,使用往往受到测量困难的阻碍,相反,基于植物碳同位素组成(δ13C)的WUE间接测量方法可以很容易实现植物样品的大量分析[11]。稳定碳同位素组成(δ13C)可以反映植物在一段时间内对水分的利用情况以及对水分限制的响应机制,是研究植物WUE长期有效的重要手段之一[12]。
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