As the global climate warms, the frequency of extreme events increases, resulting in the decline and even death of some of the world's forests, and in some places the impact is more pronounced on large trees. The climate in Northeast China is gradually becoming warmer and drier, and Pinus koraiensis, as the main precious tree species in Northeast China, has already experienced a decline in the study area. However, the differences in the effects of temperature rise and extreme events on the growth of Pinus koraiensis of different diameter classes have not been studied in detail. The response of different diameter classes of Pinus koraiensis to climate change and the adaptability characteristics (resistance, resilience, restoring elasticity and relative resilience to extreme drought were analyzed and compared by dendrochronology in the natural forest area of southern Xiaoxing'anling. The results showed as follows: 1) There was a negative correlation between large diameter and the maximum temperature at the beginning of the growing season, and a positive correlation between large diameter and the precipitation in June of the same year; the minor grade was negatively correlated with the precipitation at the end of the growing season in the current year and the previous year. 2) The growth trend of large diameter class and small diameter class was basically the same, in which the response stability of large diameter class to the maximum temperature of the growing season was lower than that of small diameter class, and the growth of small diameter class was mainly affected by the decrease of precipitation. 3) With the warming of climate, the resistance and relative resilience of different diameter classes to extreme drought showed a downward trend, and the adaptability of large diameter class to drought was slightly lower than that of small diameter class, but the difference was not obvious. The difference of response to climate and the stability of response of different diameter classes of Pinus koraiensis mainly appeared in the early growing season of rapid growth, reflecting the different demand of different diameter classes for hydrothermal conditions. With the warming of climate, the adaptability of radial growth of different diameter classes of Pinus koraiensis to extreme drought events decreased, and it could not recover to the pre-drought level in the short term. It is predicted that the future climate will continue to rise, and the adaptability of large diameter class Pinus koraiensis may weaken. Further analysis should be carried out based on the frequency and time of drought, and the research scope should be expanded to deal with the adverse effects of warming on Pinus koraiensis forest, which will play an important role in forest management.
研究区不同径级红松标准化年表统计参数见表1,从样本总体代表性(sample population representativeness,SPR)来看,大小径级红松年表样本总体代表性分别为0.952、0.954,均达到0.90以上,表明样本所含信息能够代表总体特征。标准差(standard deviation,SD)和信噪比(signal to noise ratio,SNR)均较高,说明样本包含了很多信息并具有代表性。2组年表的平均敏感度(mean sensitivity,MS)均大于0.15,表明年表的质量较好,对气候变化较为敏感。一阶自相关(autocorrelation order 1,AC1)数值的大小用于衡量前一年气候对当年树木生长的影响,其数值越大,当年树木生长受前年气候影响越大,大小径级组年表AC1分别为0.699 8、0.874 7,说明当年树木生长受到前一年气候的影响。大小径级组年表样芯间平均相关系数(average correlation coefficient between sample cores,AC)分别为0.376、0.406,代表样芯间树轮宽度变化相对一致。总体而言,2组不同径级的年表统计特征值表明年表质量较高,符合树木年轮学研究要求。
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