The complexity and inaccuracy of extracting waveform features from spaceborne full waveform LiDAR data affect the accuracy of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) estimation. To address this problem, this study combined Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) LiDAR waveform data with GF-7 stereo imagery data in the Simao region of Yunnan as an example. The digital surface model (DSM) generated by multi-angle stereo geometry was used to accurately locate the starting point of the GEDI waveform and optimize the waveform features. Multiple stepwise regression methods were used to construct biomass estimation models for coniferous, broadleaf and mixed forests at the footprint scale. These models were then extrapolated to the regional scale using a random forest algorithm. The results showed that the biomass estimation accuracy at the footprint scale was significantly improved after optimizing the waveform features. The root mean square error (RMSE) for the coniferous forest was 20.11 Mg/hm², the coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.89, and the accuracy (ACC) was 82.87%. The RMSE of broadleaf forest was 22.07 Mg/hm² with R² of 0.89 and ACC of 81.77%. The RMSE of the mixed forest was 24.51 Mg/hm² with R² of 0.88 and ACC of 80.54%. Finally, based on the optimized GEDI biomass footprints, the regional forest AGB distribution map was successfully generated at 25 m resolution.
本研究采用2020年发布的30 m分辨率的全球土地覆盖精细分类系统数据(global Land cover with fine classification system at 30 m resolution,GLC_FCS30_2020),提取研究区内的针叶林、阔叶林和混交林覆盖区,以用于GEDI光斑点的筛选。该产品是结合了时序Landsat反射率数据、高质量训练样本及谷歌地球引擎 (google earth engine,GEE)云计算平台生成的,涵盖了29种地表覆盖类型,空间分辨率为30 m[18]。
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