1.School of Civil Engineering,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China
2.College of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
2025-04-02
2025-09-15
Issue Date
2025-10-30
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摘要
以东北地区为研究对象,分析多年冻土退化程度及空间分布。通过收集关键气象要素,使用多元线性回归模型修正部分地面温度,基于多年冻土顶部温度(temperature at the top of permafrost,TTOP)模型,利用ANUSPILN软件进行插值,分析东北多年冻土时空分布变化。结果表明,1970 s、1980 s、1990 s、2000 s、2010 s的多年冻土面积分别约为3.99×10⁵、3.41×10⁵、2.31×10⁵、1.80×10⁵、1.59×10⁵ km²。1970 s—2010 s,东北地区的多年冻土面积显著减少约2.40×10⁵ km²,降幅高达60.08%。多年冻土面积占东北地区总面积的比例从27.66%下降至11.04%,而季节性冻土面积比例则从72.34%增加至88.96%。模型结果与实际钻孔数据差值仅为0.05 ℃,且使用修正地面温度数据的模型结果高于现有研究结果。
Abstract
Taking the Northeast China as the research object, this paper investigated the degradation degree and spatial distribution of permafrost over the years. Key meteorological elements were collected, and a multiple linear regression model was used to calibrate the ground surface temperature data. Based on the temperature at the top of permafrost (TTOP) model, and using ANUSPILN software for interpolation, the spatial and temporal distribution of permafrost in Northeast China was analyzed. The results showed that the areas of permafrost in the 1970 s, 1980 s, 1990 s, 2000 s, 2010 s were about 3.99×105, 3.41×105, 2.31×105, 1.80×105, 1.59×105 km2, respectively. During the period of 1970 s to 2010 s, the permafrost area in Northeast China decreased significantly by about 2.40×105 km2, with a decrease of 60.08 %. The proportion of permafrost area in Northeast China decreased from 27.66% to 11.04%, while the proportion of seasonally permafrost area increased from 72.34% to 88.96%. The difference between the model results and the actual borehole data was only 0.05 ℃, and the model results using the corrected ground temperature data were higher than the existing research results.
模拟多年冻土的空间分布模型主要包括Stefan模型[1]、冻结指数模型[2]、海拔模型[3]、多年冻土顶部温度模型(temperature at the top of permafrost,TTOP)[4]。其中,TTOP模型凭借出色的表现和优良的适用性被广泛关注,其能够连接地表气候与地下热特征,并建立补偿效应分析模型与气候等因素之间的关系[5],随着光学遥感、热红外遥感和微波遥感等遥感技术的发展,通过统计学习[6]、构建模型[7-8]和逻辑判别[9]等方法对多年冻土进行观测和绘图。因此,TTOP模型的应用取得了许多研究成果[10-13]。多年冻土的退化情况不尽相同,但是,多年冻土退化的典型特征是多年冻土范围缩小、土壤温度升高和活动层厚度增加[14]。改变该区域内的地表排水模式和植被群落分布,影响土壤的物理特性和生态系统[15]。
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