黑龙江省胡桃楸生长及种实变异与选择
方玉凤 , 徐连峰 , 张强 , 李勇 , 初国庆 , 任悦 , 赵影
森林工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (06) : 1193 -1205.
黑龙江省胡桃楸生长及种实变异与选择
Variation and Selection in Growth and Seed Traits of Juglans mandshurica in Heilongjiang Province
对东北地区胡桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)人工林进行的研究多为生长性状研究,种实变异的研究较少。因此,联合生长及种实性状的胡桃楸早期选择,可推进胡桃楸遗传改良工作。以10 年生家系试验林为研究对象,测定其表型性状、生长性状、种实性状,采用方差分析、主成分分析、布雷津多性状综合评定法,分析胡桃楸不同家系之间各测定指标变异规律。结果表明,表型性状变异系数的变化范围为16.15%~57.70%,脊宽度和脊突出程度的变异系数(分别为57.70%、56.98%)最大,顶尖突出程度的变异系数(16.15%)最小,表型性状相对稳定。除分枝角外,其余数量性状在家系间差异极显著(P<0.01)。生长性状中材积的变异系数(58.06%)最大,其余相关指标的变异系数变化范围为17.03%~22.51%;果实性状中单鲜果重的变异系数(17.12%)最大,其余相关指标的变异系数变化范围为5.13%~8.19%;果核性状中单核质量的变异系数(18.76%)最大,其余相关指标的变异系数变化范围为6.74%~9.25%。相关性分析显示生长性状的株高、冠幅、地径、胸径、材积五者间存在极显著正相关(P<0.01),果实三径、果核三径、单鲜果质量、单核质量相关 8个性状间均存在极显著正相关性(P<0.01)。根据一般配合力,每个性状筛选出3个优良亲本。主成分分析法提取到4个主成分,累积贡献率达到84.32%。利用多性状综合评定法,从材用、果用及果材兼用角度分别筛选出5个优良家系,初选的优良家系可为该地区胡桃楸良种选育提供理论支撑。
Studies on plantations of Juglans mandshurica in northeast China have primarily focused on growth traits, while relatively limited research on seed and fruit variation. Therefore, early selection of Juglans mandshurica based on integrated growth and seed traits can accelerate its genetic improvement programs. Taking 10 years old Juglans mandshurica experimental forest as the research object, this study measured the descriptive phenotypic traits, growth traits, and seed traits. Variance analysis, principal component analysis and Breitzin comprehensive evaluation were used to analyze the variation of traits among different families of Juglans mandshurica. The results showed that the variation coefficient of descriptive phenotypic traits ranged from 16.15% to 57.70%, the variation coefficient of ridge width (57.70%) and ridge protrusion (56.98%) were the largest, and the variation coefficient of top prominence (16.15%) was the smallest, the phenotypic traits were relatively stable. Except for the branch angle, the other quantitative traits were significantly different among families (P<0.01). Among the growth traits, the variation coefficient of volume (58.06%) was the largest, and other related indicators ranged from 17.03% to 22.51%. Among the fruit traits, the variation coefficient of single fruit mass (17.12%) was the largest, and other related indexes ranged from 5.13% to 8.19%. The variation coefficient of single nut mass (18.76%) was the largest, and other related indexes ranged from 6.74% to 9.25%. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations among plant height, crown diameter, basal diameter, DBH and volume (P<0.01), there were significant positive correlations among fruit tridiameter, nut tridiameter, single fruit mass and single nut mass (P<0.01). General combining ability analysis showed that three excellent parents were selected for each trait. Four principal components were extracted by principal component analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 84.32%. By using the comprehensive evaluation method of multiple traits, five excellent families were selected from the perspectives of wood use, fruit use, and both fruit and wood use. The excellent families preliminarily selected could provide theoretical support for the selection and application of Juglans mandshurica in this area.
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黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2024Q002)
中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(黑[2025]TG17)
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1500200)
林业公益性行业科研专项项目(201304704)
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