College of Chemistry,Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China
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Received
Published
2025-03-07
2025-11-15
Issue Date
2025-12-24
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摘要
刺五加是一种良好的药食同源植物,其叶的开发利用价值巨大。为全面了解黑龙江省刺五加表型性状多样性,从黑龙江省的10个种源收集到281棵天然植株并移植到同一苗圃,统一培养;通过测定、计算得到2个相对表型性状、9个表型性状,对其进行变异、方差、相关性和聚类分析等。结果表明,1)刺五加的11个叶片表型性状在居群间和居群内均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),并且居群间差异大于居群内差异,其中叶柄绒毛密度(petiole hair,PH)、叶柄皮刺密度(prickle on petiole,PP)、叶柄皮刺长度(prickle on petiole length,PPL)、叶脉绒毛密度(leaf vein hairs,LVH)、叶脉皮刺密度(prickle vein density,PV)和叶脉皮刺长度(prickle on leaf vein length,PVL)变异系数极大,变异性高;2)刺五加多样性指数均值为1.615,其中,4个表型性状在1.9以上,8个表型性状的重复力皆在0.7以上,表明刺五加叶片表型性状多样性丰富,遗传比较稳定;3)叶片表型之间具有相关性,其中,叶柄、叶脉的皮刺特征相互关联,共同变异;叶片表型与地理气候因子相关性强,经度是主要影响表型性状的环境因子;4)10个居群通过聚类分析划分为3个类群,并在3个类群中各有占比,占比情况各不相同,表现出一定的居群性。研究结果为进一步解析叶片性状的遗传机制奠定基础,为后期建立刺五加保护策略、种质资源收集和品种改良提供参考,为构建可靠的表型鉴别方法提供理论基础。
Abstract
Acanthopanax senticosus is a valuable medicinal and edible plant, with significant potential for leaf utilization. To comprehensively investigate the phenotypic diversity of A. senticosus in Heilongjiang Province, 281 natural individuals from the 10 provenances were transplanted into a common nursery garden under uniform cultivation. Two relative phenotypic traits and nine phenotypic traits were measured and calculated, followed by variation, variance, correlation, and cluster analyses. Key findings include: (1) Significant differences (P<0.01) were observed in 11 leaf phenotypic traits both among and within populations, with inter-population variation exceeding intra-population variation. Traits such as petiole hair density (PH), prickles on petiole (PP), prickle on petiole length (PPL), leaf vein hair density (LVH), prickle vein density (PV), and prickle on leaf vein length (PVL) exhibited extremely high coefficients of variation (CV), indicating substantial variability. (2) The average diversity index of A. senticosus reached 1.615, with four phenotypic traits exceeding 1.9. Eight traits showed repeatability above 0.7, reflecting rich leaf phenotypic diversity and relatively stable genetic inheritance of A. senticosus. (3) Leaf phenotypic traits were strongly correlated, among which the prickle-related characteristics of petioles and veins were interrelated and vary together. Leaf phenotypic traits also correlated with geographic and climatic factors, with longitude identified as the primary environmental driver. (4) Cluster analysis classified the 10 provenances into three distinct groups with varying proportions, highlighting population-specific divergence. This study establishes a foundation for elucidating the genetic mechanisms of leaf traits, informs conservation strategies, germplasm collection, and breeding programs for A. senticosus, and provides a theoretical framework for developing reliable phenotypic identification methods.
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