As an important carrier of the national new energy strategy, the leakage of gas pressure pipelines in forest areas not only causes direct economic losses, but also may lead to secondary disasters such as soil pollution, vegetation destruction and even forest fires due to the sensitivity of forest ecosystems. The current ultrasonic sound source-based localization methods suffer from challenges such as high sidelobe artifact interference and insufficient localization accuracy caused by wide main lobe beamwidth in multi-leakage source scenarios. Moreover, the complex terrain, dense vegetation coverage, and environmental noise in forest areas further compromise the applicability of conventional detection techniques. In this paper, an adaptive inverse convolution beamforming algorithm is proposed to achieve high-precision leakage localization by optimising the weight matrix and the inverse convolution iteration strategy. Firstly, the initial weight matrix is constructed based on the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) criterion, and the weights are adjusted with adaptive iteration to enhance the focusing ability of the target signal while suppressing the interference of the sidelobes. Secondly, the main lobe width is compressed through Gauss-Seidel deconvolutional iteration, thereby enhancing resolution. To validate the algorithm's performance, this study establishes a pressure pipeline model with a diameter of 150 mm and operating pressure of 0.8 MPa to simulate ultrasonic signals from 0.5 mm and 0.7 mm leakage orifices, while constructing an experimental system for comparative analysis. Results demonstrate that compared with conventional deconvolution beamforming, the proposed algorithm reduces localization errors by 0.06 m for Source 1 (0.7 mm orifice) and 0.05 m for Source 2 (0.5 mm orifice) under signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions ranging from -10 dB to 20 dB, while effectively eliminating artifact interference. The experiments further validate the method's robustness and computational efficiency advantages under low SNR conditions (-10 dB to 20 dB). This study provides a high-precision solution for non-contact detection of minor pressure pipeline leaks in forest environments, characterized by strong anti-interference capability and superior environmental adaptability. The findings hold significant implications for ensuring energy transportation safety and ecological conservation.
为消除反卷积波束成形出现的虚假声源,避免其干扰计算的真实声源的定位结果,可以在常规波束成形计算部分通过使用优化权重来减少旁瓣,从而减少反卷积波束成形迭代次数和累计误差,以消除虚假声源。自适应方法最小均方误差(least mean square,LMS)的核心思想是根据误差信号的梯度估计来更新权重,步长参数控制收敛速度和稳定性,其计算方法简单,能够快速收敛。LMS方法计算误差函数为
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