Customized door and window materials are characterized by diverse orders and complicated specifications. However, existing methods (such as artificial experience algorithms and the maximax space strategy) mainly focus on the single goal of maximizing space utilization, with little consideration for framing convenience and overall efficiency. This paper proposes a framing palletizing strategy based on a hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to enhance the overall efficiency of palletizing. Based on the processing characteristics before and after palletizing door/window materials, a framing palletizing strategy is proposed to solve the problem of difficult workpiece position tracking. The particle encoding includes both position attributes and palletizing attributes of the materials, strengthening the hierarchical clustering effect of materials belonging to the same door/window unit. A multi-objective collaborative optimization function is established, with the weighted comprehensive efficiency of space utilization and framing convenience as the optimization goal. The simulation based on the actual orders of enterprises shows that compared with the traditional artificial experience algorithm and the maximax space strategy, the comprehensive efficiency of the proposed algorithm is improved by 17.11% and 17.34%, respectively, the framing convenience is 97.93%, and the space utilization rate is 80.48%. The field experiment verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm in actual production. The research shows that the proposed strategy not only ensures high space utilization, but also greatly improves the framing convenience, so as to effectively improve the overall efficiency of the production line.
传统的装箱问题主要依赖人工经验算法或简单的启发式算法,例如Do等[2]系统整合了12项关键约束,包括空间重叠、作业优先级、承重限制、堆垛稳定、载荷均衡和物料朝向等,基于混合整数线性规划-约束规划混合建模框架(Mixed-Integer Linear Programming,Constraint Programming,MILP-CP)构建数学模型,采用渐进收敛算法求解,对于小规模问题可获全局最优解,对8—12类异型货物案例优化显著。Wang等[3]在考虑货物的放置方向、稳定性和重叠性等约束条件的基础上,对装箱问题提出了创新的数学建模方法,并对算法的上下界求解过程进行了优化改进。与现有模型相比,新算法在变量数量和约束条件方面都实现了精简,同时在多个经典测试实例中取得了最优解,验证了算法的优越性能。上述研究虽然在一定程度上能够满足生产需求,但在面对定制化门窗材的多样化订单时,存在空间利用率较低、组框便利性差等问题。此外,相关学者[4-6]也提出了很多有效的算法来求解装箱问题。
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