Vegetation ecological quality is a fundamental element characterizing terrestrial vegetation landscapes, and its changes exert a profound impact on the energy flow and material cycle of global and regional ecosystems. This study takes Heilongjiang Province as the research area and estimates the fractional vegetation cover (FVC) and net primary productivity (NPP) based on Landsat series data, meteorological data, and land use data. Subsequently, a vegetation ecological quality index (VEQI) is constructed to analyze the temporal variation characteristics of VEQI from 2000 to 2020. Furthermore, the optimal parameter-based geographical detector model is employed to explore the driving mechanisms of the spatial differentiation of VEQI in relation to topographic, soil, climatic, and anthropogenic factors. The results show that from 2000 to 2020, the annual average vegetation ecological quality index in Heilongjiang Province showed a significant upward trend (with an annual increase of 0.56); all four categories of factors can effectively explain the spatial differentiation of the vegetation ecological quality index. Soil bulk density, monthly average temperature in the growing season, soil acidity and elevation are the main influencing factors for the spatial differentiation of the vegetation ecological quality index in Heilongjiang Province. The synergistic effect of population density and slope aspect had a strong non-linear impact on the spatial differentiation of vegetation ecological quality index.
本研究基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)平台,获取2000—2020年生长季(5—9月)空间分辨率30 m、时间分辨率16 d的Landsat系列数据,共选用9 517景。本研究对Landsat预处理主要包括:1)利用C语言实现的掩膜函数算法(C Function of Mask)生成的质量评估波段,对影像中云、云影等被污染的像元进行掩膜剔除;2)通过传感器数据协调函数[22]与气候学填充法[23]对缺失影像进行填充(即从过去5 a同期数据中筛选清晰像元,采用中值合成方法对筛选像元进行合成);3)运用时间序列谐波分析法[24]处理,得到2000—2020年逐年的生长季归一化植被指数产品。
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