1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China
2.College of Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering,Harbin Huade University,Harbin 150025,China
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文章历史+
Received
Accepted
Published
2025-05-05
Issue Date
2026-06-15
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摘要
针对油茶挖坑机具工作过程中出土率低下、土壤回流量大、人工二次清土工作繁杂等问题,依照现有油茶挖坑机具的结构,利用离散元法仿真软件(Engineering discrete element method,EDEM)仿真及试验研究,优化机具参数提高挖坑出土率。以适用于丘陵山地复杂立地环境的大直径挖坑钻头为研究对象,提出油茶大直径钻孔技术方案,设计一款大直径钻孔、高出土率的钻头。对挖坑钻头主要部件建模并结合EDEM2023软件对土壤建模,同时对机具挖坑工作过程进行仿真。以钻孔装置出土率高低为评价指标,以钻杆直径、螺旋升角、土壤与翼片静摩擦因数为试验因素,进行单因素试验确定3个参数的取值范围;以此为基础进行多因素正交试验从而确定出土率最佳的参数组合。单因素试验结果表明,钻孔装置钻杆直径从80 mm增大至120 mm,出土率呈现下降趋势;翼片螺旋升角由15增大至23,出土率呈现下降趋势;土壤与翼片的静摩擦系数由0.50增大至0.60,出土率呈现先增后减趋势。在三者中,螺旋升角对出土率影响最大,钻杆直径对出土率影响最小。二次回归正交旋转组合试验结果表明,三因素对挖坑机具出土率的影响由大到小的顺序为螺旋升角、静摩擦系数、钻杆直径,最佳方案是钻杆直径为82 mm、螺旋升角为23、静摩擦因数为0.56,这3个参数组合下出土率为92.73%。
Abstract
In order to solve the problems of low excavation rate, large soil reflux and complicated manual secondary soil clearing work in the working process of Camellia oleifera digging machine, according to the structure of the existing Camellia oleifera digging machine, EDEM simulation and experimental research were used to optimize the parameters of the machine and improve the excavation rate of the pit. Taking the large-diameter pit drilling bit suitable for the complex site environment of hilly and mountainous areas as the research object, the large-diameter drilling technology scheme of Camellia oleifera was proposed, and a large-diameter drilling bit with high excavation rate was designed. The main components of the digging bit were modeled, and the soil was modeled by combining EDEM2023 software, and the working process of the pit digging was simulated. Taking the excavation rate of the drilling device as the evaluation index, and the diameter of the drill rod, the spiral rising angle and the static friction factor of the soil-fin as the test factors, the single factor test was carried out to determine the value range of the three parameters. On this basis, multi-factor orthogonal experiments were carried out to determine the optimal combination of parameters for the excavation rate. The results of single factor test showed that the diameter of the drill rod of the drilling device increased from 80mm to 120 mm, and the excavation rate showed a downward trend. The spiral rise angle of the fin increased from 15° to 23°, and the excavation rate showed a downward trend. The static friction coefficient between the soil and the fin increased from 0.50 to 0.60, and the excavation rate showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Among the three, the spiral angle had the greatest influence on the excavation rate, and the diameter of the drill rod had the least influence on the excavation rate. The results of the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination test showed that the influence order of the three factors on the excavation rate of the digging machine was the spiral rising angle>the static friction coefficient > the diameter of the drill rod, the diameter of the drill rod was 82 mm, the spiral rise angle was 23°, and the static friction factor was 0.56, and the excavation rate was 92.73% under the combination of this parameter.
综上,鉴于油茶本身的高作物价值、复杂的生长环境及受限的栽植农艺要求,目前油茶幼苗栽植装备仍处于半自动化阶段,本研究针对油茶钻孔装置工作过程中出土率低下、土壤回流量大和人工二次清土工作繁杂等问题[7],以适用于丘陵山地复杂立地环境的大直径挖坑钻头为研究对象,提出油茶大直径钻孔技术方案,设计一款大直径挖坑钻头,高速钻孔,高出土率的钻头,以实地调研勘测油茶幼苗移栽农艺要求为基础,以理论公式为前提,建立挖坑过程中钻头与土壤颗粒受力的动力学模型,进行了基于离散元法仿真软件(Engineering discrete element method,EDEM)软件的仿真优化,对优化后的参数进行试验验证,以期为油茶栽植挖坑阶段自动化、规模化奠定基础。
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