Immature zygotic embryos from immature seeds of Pinus pumila were used as explants, with DCR as the basal medium. Somatic embryogenesis was induced by adjusting the concentrations of plant growth regulators (6-BA, NAA, and ABA), leading to the acquisition of 3 embryogenic cell lines. Based on this somatic embryogenesis system, an Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system suitable for P. pumila was finally established through the determination of kanamycin selection concentration, infection time, and co-cultivation duration, and resistant calli of P. pumila were successfully obtained using this system. The results indicated that the somatic embryogenesis system of P. pumila included 6 stages: disinfection of immature seeds, induction of embryogenic callus, proliferation of embryogenic callus, induction of somatic embryos, post-germination culture, and rooting culture. The optimal medium for embryogenic callus induction was DCR+1 mg/L 6-BA+2 mg/L NAA, with an induction rate of 1.11%; the optimal medium for embryogenic callus proliferation was DCR+0.35 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA, achieving a proliferation multiple of 3.73; the optimal medium for somatic embryo induction was DCR+20 mg/L ABA, with an average of 86.67 somatic embryos per gram of embryogenic callus; after somatic enbryos post-germination, DCR+activated carbon was used for root induction, resulting in a rooting rate of 58%; and the optimal medium for rooting culture was WPM+0.1 mg/L IBA. For genetic transformation, the optimal conditions were a kanamycin concentration of 60 mg/L, an infection time of 15 minutes, and an Agrobacterium suspension concentration of OD₆₀₀ is 0.4; after 7 days of recovery culture, the tissues were transferred to a medium containing 60 mg/L kanamycin for selection and callus proliferation induction. Through verification by DNA-level identification and GUS histochemical staining, transgenic calli were successfully obtained, and a genetic transformation system for P. pumila was initially established.
在超净台中将整个阳性胚性愈伤放入15 mL离心管,标记对应编号。取一朵野生型胚性愈伤作为对照,加5 mL 90%的丙酮固定20 min,倒出固定液,加5 mL GUS染液清洗管内残留丙酮,重复一次。将离心管用铝箔纸覆盖,加5 mL GUS染液,置于冰上抽真空30 min左右(愈伤组织沉入底部),37 ℃避光放置16 h。最后吸出GUS染液,加5 mL脱色液,每30 min更换一次脱色液,直至对照的野生型愈伤组织变为白色。
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