Aiming at the problem of requiring two excitation signals in traditional time-reversal algorithms, a method is proposed to simplify experimental procedures while improving the accuracy of damage localization in wooden boards. A single-input single-receive virtual time reversal (VTR) technique is developed, which replaces the physical time-reversal process with signal operations. The correlation coefficient between the reconstructed signal obtained via virtual time reversal and the excitation signal is defined as a damage index (Ds) . Combined with ultrasonic probabilistic imaging, this method enables precise localization of damage in wooden boards. Numerical simulations and experiments demonstrate that signals can achieve virtual focusing at the damage locations, significantly enhancing localization accuracy. The VTR technique not only streamlines the experimental process but also effectively improves damage localization, providing a practical reference for engineering applications.
近年来,基于压电智能材料的结构损伤检测和健康监测技术被广泛应用于航空航天、土木和机械等领域[5-7]。其中,兰姆(Lamb wave,Lamb)波可通过压电材料激励产生,具有传播距离远、衰减小等优点,被广泛应用于板类构件的损伤检测[8-9]。时间反演方法(time reversal,TR)基于声互易性原理,兼具重构性、聚焦性和抗噪性,通过超声波在损伤处聚焦可进一步实现对板类构件损伤定位,在国内外得到广泛应用。Gangadharan等[10]利用时间反演技术进行金属损伤检测;何存富等[11]以铝板为研究对象提出利用时间反演方法的重构聚焦信号来提高损伤位置的检测精度;邹明霞等[12]将时间反演与加权分布相结合,解决了复合材料损伤的二维成像与定位。目前,传统的时间反演方法需要对接收信号进行反转后二次激励,操作过程复杂。为提高损伤识别效率,相关学者又提出虚拟时间反演技术(virtual time reversal,VTR)[13-16]。虚拟时间反演是以信号运算代替第二次发射和接收的物理时间反演过程,实现信号在缺陷位置处的虚拟聚焦。虚拟时间反演仅需要处理初始激励信号和初始响应信号,再根据傅里叶变换得到聚焦重构信号,该方法具有简化试验操作、聚焦波形清晰等优点。符浩等[17]通过虚拟时间反演技术实现对管道腐蚀缺陷检测;蔡建等[18]通过虚拟时间反演技术实现了对复合材料板的高分辨率损伤成像;刘稳等[19]通过虚拟时间反演技术解决了对多层异质金属黏接结构的内表面缺陷无基准的检测和定位问题。目前的研究主要集中在金属板构件领域[20-22],木板作为天然有机材料,应力波传播行为更为复杂。本研究以木板为研究对象,通过数值仿真和试验验证,研究虚拟时间反演技术在木板损伤定位中的可行性,并与传统时间反演方法进行对比,为木板的损伤定位提供参考。
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