To promote high-value utilization of wood waste, using wood flour made from waste wood and wood-plastic (WP) aggregate made from recycled polyethylene granules, together with calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement to prepare wood-plastic lightweight aggregate ecological floating islands (WPC-EF). Using the plastic-to-cement ratio (P/C) as the primary control variable, quantified alkalinity, mechanical properties, porosity, permeability, biofilm attachment, and wastewater purification performance. The results showed that, as P/C increased, the concrete alkalinity decreased from 9.1 to 8.1. Compressive strength followed a pattern of increasing first and then decreasing, reaching a maximum at P/C=0.5, where the 3-28 d strengths increased form 2.65 MPa to 7.81 MPa. With increasing P/C, connected porosity increased from 22.9% to 44.3%, and total porosity increased from 35.7% to 53.7%. The permeability coefficient reached its maximum (4.85 cm/s) at P/C=0.5, coinciding with the highest biofilm mass and the most advanced community development. For wastewater treatment, the specimen with P/C=0.5 exhibited the best overall removal performance, achieving removal efficiencies of 72.15%, 86.7%, and 83.1% for -N, TN, and TP, respectively. In summary, P/C=0.5 provides a favorable balance between load-bearing capacity and ecological function, offering effective technical support for the preparation and engineering application of ecological floating islands.
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