To address the issue of insufficient mixing of components A and B in polyurea spray coating for wooden furniture, which easily leads to coating defects, a ‘1T2Y’ (one T-shaped chamber and two Y-shaped chambers) dual-impact mixing chamber structure is proposed and validated to improve in-chamber mixing uniformity and outlet stability. Three-dimensional models of 1T (one T-shaped chamber), 1Y (one Y-shaped chamber), and 1T2Y were established and compared through simulations in ANSYS Fluent. Parameters such as fluid velocity, pressure, density, turbulence intensity, and mixing index of polyurea components A and B around the mixing chamber were studied. In the 1T2Y design, multiple pressure drop peaks and symmetrical vortices were generated at the T-shaped impact and dual Y-shaped recombination points, forming a coupling mixing mechanism of ‘stretching, folding, and suction’. The density along the flow path transitioned from a steep interface to uniform, with the midsection of the Y-branch around 1,250–1,260 kg/m³ and the outlet distribution being most uniform. The peak turbulence intensity was about 2,000%, rapidly decaying within the branches and briefly rising before the outlet, then stabilizing. The study showed that reasonably combining T-shaped and Y-shaped structures can improve the mixing effect of the chamber. Compared with 1T and 1Y, the 1T2Y design had the best axial symmetry of the outlet velocity field, minimal skewed flow, significantly improved mixing index, and excellent mixing effect. The residence time of the mixed fluid in the chamber was about 0.15 s, meeting the rapid reaction requirements of polyurea. These results provide a reference for the structural optimization and engineering application of woodworking polyurea spray gun mixing chambers, offering new design ideas for improving the surface coating quality and consistency of wooden furniture.
Fluent软件中用于模拟流体混合的多相流模型主要有3类,流体体积函数法(volume of fluid,VOF)模型:擅长追踪互不相溶流体的清晰界面,如油水分层、自由液面流动等场景;混合物(Mixture)模型:适用于物料密度差异小、流动状态平稳的混合过程,计算效率较高;欧拉(Eulerian)模型:可模拟多相之间存在显著相互作用的复杂流动,但计算量较大,对硬件要求更高。本次聚脲刷双物料液体混合模拟选择Mixture模型,主要基于以下2点关键因素,物性适配:双物料液体密度差距不大,无需重点追踪强分离界面,符合 Mixture 模型的适用场景;流动状态适配:双物料液体在混合过程中流动平稳,无剧烈扰动或相分离,无需欧拉模型的复杂相互作用计算。
求解方法选择压力速度耦合Coupled,Coupled方案在Fluent数值模拟中具有以下优点,计算效率高:在每一步迭代中同时更新所有变量,减少了迭代步数,缩短计算时间;收敛速度快:能快速使残差达到收敛标准,提升模拟进程推进效率;系统整体性强:同时更新变量的方式保证了压力与速度场等的协同性,更符合真实流动的物理本质,尤其适用于多相流、复杂湍流等场景的模拟。在Fluent中,空间离散就是将连续的物理量转变为数值方便求解,为了保障计算的精度和稳定性,空间离散梯度设置为Green-Gauss Node Based格式,压力设置为PRESTO!格式,动量、湍流动能和湍流耗散率均设置为Second Order lpwind格式,体积分数和能量设置为First Order Upwind格式。本次数值模拟采用监控残差值的方法来判断计算结果是否收敛。当残差在10-3以下的时候,并且没有过大变化,就认为结果是收敛的。
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