Extraction of Individual Tree Factors and Construction of Tree Height-DBH Model for Cupressus duclouxiana Plantation Based on Handheld Mobile Laser Scanning
1.College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,China
2.Henan Xichuan Desert Ecosystem Research Station for Long-term Observation; Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China
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Published
2026-01-20
2026-07-20
Issue Date
2026-09-24
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摘要
为探究手持激光雷达(handheld mobile laser scanning, HMLS)不同密度点云提取单木因子的精度,并构建树高-胸径模型,以冲天柏人工林HMLS数据为基础,通过重采样获得不同密度点云,提取胸径与树高因子,结合人工调查数据评价提取精度,进而基于最优点云密度提取的单木因子构建树高-胸径模型。结果表明,胸径提取精度整体优于树高,其决定系数(R2)最高可达0.915 9;胸径提取精度对点云密度敏感,随点云密度降低呈明显下降趋势,而树高提取精度对点云密度变化不敏感(R2为0.726 0~0.756 3)。在基于最优点云密度提取单木因子构建的冲天柏人工林树高-胸径模型中,Meyer模型表现最优。研究表明,基于HMLS点云数据提取的胸径、树高与实测数据高度相关,结果可靠;构建的树高-胸径模型可为冲天柏人工林资源精准调查、生长监测及经营管理提供技术支撑。
Abstract
To explore the accuracy of extracting individual tree factors using point cloud data of different densities from handheld mobile laser scanning (HMLS), and construct a tree height-diameter at breast height (DBH) model, this study extracted DBH and tree height factors from resampling point cloud data of different densities based on HMLS data of Cupressus duclouxiana plantations. The extraction accuracy of individual tree factors was evaluated by comparing with manual survey data, and the tree height-DBH model of Cupressus duclouxiana plantation was constructed with the individual tree factors extracted under the optimal point cloud density. The results showed that the extraction accuracy of DBH was generally better than that of tree height, with the highest coefficient of determination (R²) reaching 0.915 9; the extraction accuracy of DBH was sensitive to point cloud density and showed a significant downward trend with the decrease of point cloud density, while the extraction accuracy of tree height was insensitive to changes in point cloud density (R² ranged from 0.726 0 to 0.756 3). Among the tree height-DBH models constructed based on the factors extracted from the optimal point cloud density, the Meyer model performed the best. The study indicated that the extracted DBH and tree height based on HMLS point cloud data are highly correlated with the measured data, and the results are reliable; the tree height-DBH model constructed based on this data can provide technical support for the precise investigation, growth monitoring, and management of Cupressus duclouxiana plantation resources.
森林资源调查是林业管理和决策的重要基础,其中胸径(diameter at breast height,DBH)和树高作为反映单木生长状况的核心指标[1],是森林蓄积量估算、林分生长动态监测及经营措施制定的关键参数。与胸径相比,树高测量易受地形、冠层遮挡等因素影响,难度更大且精度更低[2-3]。研究发现,树高与胸径高度相关,国内外学者对此已开展长期探索,且构建了大量树高-胸径模型[4-7],但由于树高-胸径关系受气候背景、立地条件和林分起源等多种因素的影响,不同区域、不同林分的树高-胸径模型存在明显差异[8]。因此,关键树种树高-胸径模型的构建一直是森林调查领域亟待解决的核心问题。
传统的森林资源监测以人工现场调查为主,虽能获取精准的单木信息,但存在工作量大、调查成本高和时效性差等局限,难以满足新时期森林资源动态化、精确化监测的迫切需求[9]。激光雷达(aster detection and ranging,LIDAR)作为一种新兴的主动遥感技术,可通过主动发射激光脉冲穿透森林冠层,快速获取高精度、高密度的三维点云数据,在提取树高、胸径及反演森林垂直结构等参数方面,具有光学遥感无可比拟的优势[10]。早在1976年,Solodukhin等[11]便采用机载激光雷达开展森林垂直结构参数测量研究,结果显示激光雷达在林分平均高测定中效果优异,均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)为14 cm,为该技术在林业领域的应用奠定了早期基础。自20世纪80年代以来,激光雷达技术在国内外被广泛应用于森林参数反演及森林生态学等相关研究领域。然而,目前激光雷达的搭载平台多以无人机与地基系统为主,这类平台在野外实际应用中,普遍存在设备成本高、操作流程繁琐和机动性较差等缺陷,限制了激光雷达技术的广泛应用。手持激光雷达(handheld mobile laser scanning,HMLS)作为一种便携式激光扫描设备,可作为机载和地基激光雷达的有效补充,但目前其在森林资源调查中的应用研究仍较为匮乏,相关技术方法与实践验证尚需进一步完善。此外,激光雷达获取的原始点云数据量庞大,且后续处理流程复杂,也在一定程度上限制了其应用范围。一些研究表明,适当降低点云密度,可在保证提取精度(甚至小幅提升精度)的情况下,大幅提高数据处理效率[12-13]。因此,探讨点云密度对单木分割及单木因子提取精度的影响有重要意义。
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