Taking the typical natural broad-leaved Korean pine forests in Fengliiknk National Nature Reserve as study objects, this study investigated the community structure and plant diversity of three forest types (Korean pine-spruce/fir, Korean pine-fir, and Korean pine-spruce) through transect surveys and biodiversity indices analysis. Results showed that: (1) A total of 118 vascular plant species (47 families, 82 genera) were recorded. Korean pine-spruce (importance value of 16.90%-29.74%) and Khingan fir (importance value of 13.11%-17.50%) dominated the tree layer, while the herb layer exhibited the highest species richness (76 species) and Shannon-Wiener index (2.28-2.57), significantly exceeding those of the tree (1.57-1.96) and shrub layers (0.99-1.27). (2) The Korean pine-spruce/fir forest contained the highest species diversity (77 species), and the Korean pine-spruce forest showed the highest herb layer diversity (Shannon-Wiener index of 2.57). (3) Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that stand density, canopy closure, and shrub coverage significantly influenced the diversity of tree (explained variance 37.5%), herb (47.8%), and shrub layer (36.9%), respectively. These results reveal the coupling mechanisms between community structure and environmental drivers in Korean pine forests, providing scientific basis for biodiversity conservation in the Xiao Xing'an mountains region.
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