To investigate the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving mechanisms of forest ecosystem quality during the transformation of resource-exhausted cities, this study selected Hegang City as the research area. Based on long-term seamless Landsat time-series datasets and MODIS products, the ecological quality index (EQI) was constructed. The Sen's slope estimator, Mann-Kendall test, and Hurst exponent were employed to analyze the spatiotemporal changes and future trends of forest EQI in Hegang from 2000 to 2025. Finally, the geographical detector model was used to quantitatively analyze the driving forces of natural and anthropogenic factors on the spatial differentiation of EQI. The results showed that, spatially, the EQI exhibited a significant distribution pattern of “high in the northwest and low in the southeast.” The forest areas in the Lesser Khingan Mountains in the northwest showed excellent ecological quality, whereas the southeastern plains and urban built-up areas, subject to intense human disturbance, had relatively lower quality. Temporally, 64.9% of the total area showed an improving trend in EQI, mainly concentrated in the northwestern forest-covered zones and central ecological restoration areas. Furthermore, 52.71% of the area is projected to continue improving in the future, while 34.49% of the degraded areas are primarily located along the urban expansion fringes. The driving mechanism analysis revealed that potential evapotranspiration(PET, q=0.548) was the dominant natural factors explaining the spatial heterogeneity of EQI, followed by precipitation(q=0.429), while the human footprint product(HFP, q=0.295) was the most significant anthropogenic driver. The interactions between all factors demonstrated bi-factor enhancement and non-linear enhancement effects, with the interaction between PET and PM2.5 showing the strongest explanatory power(q=0.622). These findings can provide a scientific basis and decision-making support for the ecological restoration and sustainable development of resource-exhausted cities in the old industrial base of Northeast China.
由图1可知,作为优势树种的阔叶林与针叶林的EQI均值均处于较高水平,分别为92.85和92.68。为更客观地评价不同林分类型生态质量的空间稳定性,本研究引入变异系数(coefficient of variation,CV)进行测度。结果显示,阔叶林与针叶林EQI的CV值均较小(分别为3.6%和3.5%),表明这两类林分的生态系统质量不仅整体优良,且内部空间分布极为均质、稳定。这与其主要分布于人为干扰较少的西北部山区、形成了连片生态屏障的宏观格局相一致。值得注意的是,针阔混交林和稀疏林的EQI均值显著偏低(分别为80.04和86.39),且CV值较大(分别为12.8%和8.3%),表现出较高的空间离散度和不确定性。
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