Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management Ministry of Education,College of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China
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Published
2026-05-07
2026-09-20
Issue Date
2026-11-13
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摘要
探究不同施肥处理组合对红松球果和种实形态以及营养成分的影响,筛选出适宜红松林的最佳施肥方案,为红松果林的科学施肥提供理论依据和实践指导。以52年生红松人工林为研究对象,采用双因素裂区设计,设置叶面施肥(氨基酸水溶肥)3个体积分数水平(0%、0.1%、0.2%),分别为不喷施(F1)、低体积分数(F2)与高体积分数(F3),土壤施肥(尿素,N 46%)4个梯度水平(0、50、100、150 kg N/hm2),分别为不施肥(S1)、低施肥量(S2)、中施肥量(S3)和高施肥量(S4),共计12个处理,研究不同施肥处理组合对红松球果产量、种子形态和产量、种仁的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、油脂质量分数及磷钾质量分数的影响,并结合相关性分析、主成分分析及经济效益分析,对施肥效果进行综合评价。结果表明,叶面施肥处理可显著提高红松球果干质量、单株球果产量与种子产量、种仁可溶性蛋白质量分数。随着叶面施肥体积分数升高,球果干质量、单株球果产量与种子产量、种仁可溶性蛋白质量分数显著升高,F3S2处理的效果最佳,分别比对照增加31.5%、3.45 kg、0.92 kg、47.75%;单独土壤施肥对种仁油脂合成无显著促进作用,低体积分数叶面施肥(F2)单独施用(F2S1处理)或与低量土壤施肥(S2)配施(F2S2处理),均可显著提高油脂质量分数9.1%~9.6%。主成分分析表明,F3S2处理的红松种实品质综合评分最高。对不同施肥处理下红松的种子净收益进行分析发现,F3S2处理的净收益最高,种子净收益为35 693.62元/hm2,F3S1处理的种子净收益排名第二,为30 175.67元/hm2。叶面与土壤协同施肥会进一步提高红松球果产量并促进营养物质积累,若要同时增加经济收益和种实品质,建议采用高体积分数(0.2%)叶面施肥与低施肥量(50 kg N/hm2)土壤施肥组合,如果考虑到施肥便利与成本因素,可单独采用高体积分数(0.2%)叶面施肥处理。
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different combined fertilization treatments on the morphology and nutrient composition of Pinus koraiensis cones and seeds, to identify the optimal fertilization regime for Pinus koraiensis nut forests, and to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for scientific fertilization. A 52-year-old Pinus koraiensis plantation was used as the research subject. Three levels of foliar fertilization (amino acid water-soluble fertilizer: 0%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) were designated as no spraying (F1), low-concentration (F2), and high-concentration (F3) foliar fertilization, and four levels of soil fertilization (urea: 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg N·hm-2) were designated as no fertilization (S1), low rate (S2), medium rate (S3), and high rate (S4) soil fertilization, resulting in a total of 12 treatment combinations. The effects of these different fertilization combinations on cone yield, seed morphology and yield, and kernel contents of soluble sugars, soluble protein, oil, phosphorus, and potassium were investigated. A comprehensive evaluation of fertilization efficiency was conducted using correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and economic benefit analysis. The results showed that foliar fertilization significantly increased cone dry weight, per-tree cone and seed yield, and kernel soluble protein content. As foliar fertilizer concentration increased, these parameters increased significantly, with the F3S2 treatment showing the best performance, achieving increases of 31.5% in cone dry weight, 3.45 kg in per-tree cone yield, 0.92 kg in per-tree seed yield, and 47.75% in kernel soluble protein content compared with the control. Soil fertilization alone did not significantly promote kernel oil synthesis. However, low-concentration foliar fertilization (F2) applied alone (F2S1) or combined with low-rate soil fertilization (F2S2) significantly increased oil content by 9.1% to 9.6%. Principal component analysis showed that the F3S2 treatment achieved the highest comprehensive score for cone and seed quality. Analysis of net seed income revealed that the F3S2 treatment had the highest net income (35,693.62 CNY·hm-2), followed by the F3S1 treatment (30,175.67 CNY·hm-2). In conclusion, combined foliar and soil fertilization further enhanced cone yield and promoted nutrient accumulation. To maximize both economic returns and seed quality, the combination of high-concentration (0.2%) foliar fertilization and low-rate (50 kg N·hm-2) soil fertilization is recommended. If application convenience and cost are primary concerns, high-concentration (0.2%) foliar fertilization alone can be used as an alternative.
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