The terrain in forest areas is complex, and the deployment of base stations is restricted. Inspection unmanned aerial vehicles in forest areas generally suffer from “range anxiety”, and the high humidity, dust, and poor heat dissipation conditions in the wild severely restrict the stable operation of wireless charging systems. Therefore, this paper conducts a multiobjective optimization study on the core component parameters of wireless charging systems for inspection unmanned aerial vehicles in forest areas. Firstly, a system equivalent circuit based on the series-series compensation topology is established to reveal the intrinsic relationship between the parameters of the core component-the magnetic coupling mechanism and the transmission efficiency and temperature rise characteristics. Secondly, a CPO-NSGA-Ⅱ (crested porcupine optimizer-non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ) hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed, within the NSGA-Ⅱ (non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ) framework, the dynamic defensive search mechanism of the crested porcupine optimizer (CPO) is introduced to improve the convergence accuracy and global optimization ability of the algorithm. With the core of improving the system’s forest area's adaptability, a multiobjective optimization model that considers transmission capacity, lightweight design, and thermal reliability is established. Training data is obtained through joint electromagnetic-thermal multi-physical simulation to drive the search for the Pareto-optimal solution set. The final experimental prototype tested under actual working conditions in the forest area shows that the system transmission efficiency reaches 89.6%, the maximum temperature after continuous charging for 1 hour is 56.9 ℃, and the wire usage is reduced by 18.2% compared with the optimization before, effectively solving the engineering problems of "heavy, hot, and low efficiency" of the wireless charging system for unmanned aerial vehicles in forest areas.
无线电能传输(wireless power transfer,WPT)技术凭借无机械接触、安全可靠、易实现无人值守、环境适应性强等独特优势,为林业无人机的全天候自主巡检提供了理想的能量补给方案[2-3]。与传统有线充电和换电模式相比,WPT系统无需人工插拔充电接口,避免了林区高湿多尘环境下接口氧化、接触不良等问题;也无需建设大量换电站和储备备用电池,大幅降低了基础设施建设成本和后期维护难度。通过在林区关键节点部署无线充电基站,无人机可实现“边巡检边补能”的自主作业模式,理论上能够无限延长作业时间,彻底解决续航短板。作为WPT系统的能量传输核心,磁耦合机构承担着电能从发射端到接收端的无线传输任务,其结构设计与参数配置直接决定了系统的传输效率、功率密度、轻量化水平与长期运行可靠性[4]。在林区应用场景下,磁耦合机构不仅需在宽气隙波动范围内保持高传输效率,还需满足无人机严格的载重限制和恶劣环境下的热可靠性要求,这对其设计优化提出了远超试验室理想环境的挑战。
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