煤油储运容器泄漏燃烧耦合演化特性研究

Coupled Leakage-Combustion Evolution Characteristics of Kerosene Storage and Transportation Vessels

摘要

针对煤油储运容器泄漏燃烧耦合条件下的火灾行为,开展了小尺度无水煤油储罐泄漏火灾实验．结果表明,一旦泄漏煤油温度超过 193.96 ℃,泄漏煤油则闪沸并耦合燃烧,从而储罐压力、热辐射强度、燃烧噪音、燃烧速率、火焰尺度突变增加,即火灾危害突变,且火灾危害随着泄漏孔径的降低或填充率的增加而增加．采用 ANSYS Fluent 软件模拟泄漏煤油储罐热响应,根据罐壁火焰概率分布确定输入至罐壁热通量,从而能准确预测泄漏煤油温度响应过程和火灾危害突变时刻．开展更多的填充率的泄漏储罐热响应模拟,发现火灾危害突变时刻随着填充率的增加而指数式增加．研究结论可为煤油储罐、油箱等储运容器泄漏火灾的应急处置提供理论支撑．

Abstract

To investigate the fire behavior under coupled leakage–combustion conditions in kerosene storage and transportation vessels,small-scale leakage-fire experiments were conducted using anhydrous kerosene tanks. The results show that once the temperature of the leaking kerosene exceeded 193.96 ℃,the outflow underwent flash boiling and coupled combustion,leading to abrupt step increases in tank pressure,thermal radiation,burning noise,burning rate,and flame dimensions—i.e.,a sudden escalation of fire hazard. Moreover,the hazard severity increased as the leak diameter decreased or the filling level increased. The thermal response of the leaking tank was simulated in ANSYS Fluent,where the wall heat-flux boundary condition was inferred from a probabilistic distribution of flame impingement over the tank wall. This approach enabled the accurate prediction of kerosene temperature trajectory and the critical onset time of hazard escalation. Further simulations across a wider range of filling levels revealed that the onset time of hazard escalation increased exponentially with the filling level. These findings provide a theoretical basis for emergency response and hazard mitigation of leakage fires involving kerosene tanks,fuel reservoirs,and related storage and transportation vessels.

关键词

煤油容器 / 泄漏燃烧 / 危害突变 / 热响应 / 数值模拟

Key words

kerosene vessels / leakage-combustion / sudden hazard escalation / thermal response / numerical simulation

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基金资助

国家重点研发计划资助项目(2024YFC3017004)

应急管理部天津消防研究所青年科技人才创新基金资助项目(2024SJCXJJ02)