术中血压变异性对膝关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术止血带相关高血压的预测价值

许艺 ,  马行军

中国内镜杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (02) : 51 -57.

PDF (771KB)
中国内镜杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (02) : 51 -57. DOI: 10.12235/E20250026
论 著

术中血压变异性对膝关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术止血带相关高血压的预测价值

作者信息 +

The predictive value of intraoperative blood pressure variability for tourniquet-induced hypertension in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction under knee arthroscopy

Author information +
文章历史 +
PDF (789K)

摘要

目的 探讨术中血压变异性(BPV)对膝关节镜下前交叉韧带(ACL)重建术止血带相关高血压(TIH)的预测价值。 方法 选取2023年1月-2024年9月该院收治的择期行膝关节镜下ACL重建术的患者129例,观察终点为患者术中发生TIH或手术结束。根据术中是否发生TIH,将患者分为TIH组(49例)和非TIH组(80例)。收集患者临床资料,计算并分析术中BPV相关指标。采用多因素Logistic回归模型,分析膝关节镜下ACL重建术后发生TIH的独立危险因素。绘制受试者操作特征曲线(ROC curve),并计算曲线下面积(AUC),分析术中BPV相关的预测价值。 结果 最终纳入129例患者,发生TIH 49例,占比37.98%(49/129)。与非TIH组相比,TIH组止血带使用时间长,止血带压力高,收缩压变异系数(SBP-CV)和平均动脉压变异系数(MAP-CV)高,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:止血带压力 > 351 mmHg、SBP-CV > 8.72%和MAP-CV > 5.14%是膝关节镜下ACL重建术患者发生TIH的独立危险因素(P < 0.05)。ROC curve分析发现,SBP-CV和MAP-CV预测膝关节镜下ACL重建术患者发生TIH的AUC分别为0.787(95%CI:0.702~0.872)和0.791(95%CI:0.715~0.867)。 结论 止血带压力、SBP-CV和MAP-CV与膝关节镜下ACL重建术患者发生TIH有关,且MAP-CV和SBP-CV对TIH均有良好的预测能力,可作为术后监测的重要指标。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the predictive value of intraoperative blood pressure variability (BPV) for tourniquet-induced hypertension (TIH) in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Methods 129 patients who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction from January 2023 to September 2024 were selected. The endpoint of observation was the occurrence of TIH or the end of operation. The patients were divided into the TIH group ( 49 cases ) and the non-TIH group ( 80 cases ) according to whether TIH occurred during operation. The clinical data of patients were collected, and the intraoperative BPV related indexes were calculated and analyzed. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of TIH in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to analyze the predictive value of BPV related indexes. Results 129 patients were included in this study, and 49 patients developed TIH, accounting for 37.98% (49/129). Compared with the non-TIH group, the tourniquet use time in the TIH group was significantly longer, the tourniquet pressure was significantly higher, the systolic blood pressure-coefficient of variation (SBP-CV) and mean arterial pressure-coefficient variation (MAP-CV) were significantly higher, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that tourniquet pressure > 351 mmHg, SBP-CV > 8.72 % and MAP-CV > 5.14 % were independent risk factors for TIH in patients undergoing arthroscopic ACL reconstruction (P < 0.05 ). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of SBP-CV and MAP-CV in predicting TIH in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction were 0.787 (95%CI: 0.702 ~ 0.872 ) and 0.791 (95%CI: 0.715 ~ 0.867), respectively. Conclusion Tourniquet pressure, SBP-CV and MAP-CV are related to TIH in patients undergoing arthroscopic ACL reconstruction, and MAP-CV and SBP-CV show good predictive ability for TIH, which can be used as an important indicator of postoperative monitoring.

Graphical abstract

关键词

血压变异性(BPV) / 前交叉韧带(ACL)重建术 / 止血带 / 膝关节镜 / 高血压

Key words

blood pressure variability (BPV) / anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction / tourniquet / knee arthroscopy / hypertension

引用本文

引用格式 ▾
许艺,马行军. 术中血压变异性对膝关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术止血带相关高血压的预测价值[J]. 中国内镜杂志, 2026, 32(02): 51-57 DOI:10.12235/E20250026

登录浏览全文

4963

注册一个新账户 忘记密码

前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)损伤是一种常见的运动损伤,易引发膝关节周围疼痛、肿胀和活动异常等一系列症状,严重者甚至出现膝关节畸形,对患者的日常生活和工作造成严重影响[1]。目前,临床多采用膝关节镜下ACL重建术,以恢复患者膝关节功能,术中常使用止血带,以减少术中出血,保证手术视野[2]。止血带使用过程中,容易引发高血压,即止血带相关高血压(tourniquet-induced hypertension,TIH),发生率较高[3]。既往有研究[4]表明,术中血压的稳定性与患者的生理状态密切相关,血压的剧烈波动,不仅会影响手术的安全性和有效性,还会导致术后并发症的发生,延长住院时间。血压变异性(blood pressure variability,BPV)是指个体在一定时间内血压波动的程度,在评估患者生理稳定性、心血管风险和术后恢复方面,具有重要意义[5-6]。但临床关于膝关节镜下ACL重建术患者发生TIH的预测价值的相关报道较少见。本研究通过分析TIH与术中BPV的关系,探讨BPV相关指标的预测价值,以期为临床识别高风险患者和制定干预措施提供依据,有助于医生更好地预测和管理术中血压的波动,从而提升手术安全性,改善患者预后。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取2023年1月-2024年9月本院收治的,行膝关节镜下ACL重建术的患者129例。根据术中是否发生TIH,将患者分为TIH组(49例)和非TIH组(80例)。本研究观察终点为患者术中发生TIH或手术结束。

纳入标准:经临床检查和影像学检查,确诊为单侧ACL损伤者;择期行膝关节镜下ACL重建术,且术中需应用止血带者;年龄18~60岁;损伤至就诊的时间 < 4个月;美国麻醉医师协会(American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA)分级为Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级;病例临床资料完整;患者对本研究知情,并签署知情同意书。排除标准:术前高血压未经控制者;合并后交叉韧带断裂、肝、肾功能不全、凝血系统疾病、自身免疫性疾病和/或恶性肿瘤者;止血带应用时间 < 60 min;病例临床资料不全者。本研究获得本院医学伦理委员会批准通过,伦理批件号:医伦理审查[2023]94号。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 资料收集

收集患者基线资料和围手术期资料。包括:性别、年龄、合并基础病(高血压、糖尿病)、ASA分级、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、术前视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分、术前焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)评分、术前实验室检查指标[血小板计数(platelet count,PLT)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)和白蛋白(albumin,Alb)]、基线血压、手术时间、止血带使用时间、止血带压力和麻醉药物使用情况等。

1.2.2 BPV评估方法

采用术中监护仪监测血压,每5 min测量一次患者右臂上侧血压[7],收集并计算围手术期收缩压(systolic blood pressure,SBP)、舒张压(diastolic blood pressure,DBP)、脉压和平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP),脉压 = SBP-DBP,MAP = (SBP+2×DBP)/3。均获取相应的偏差,并根据标准偏差和平均血压测量相应的变异系数(coefficient of variation,CV),CV = 标准差/平均值×100%,即:SBP-CV、DBP-CV、脉压-CV和MAP-CV[8]

1.3 相关定义

TIH是指应用止血带后,患者SBP或DBP较基础值升高30.00%以上[9]

1.4 统计学方法

采用SPSS 27.0统计学软件分析数据。符合正态分布的计量资料以均数±标准差(x¯±s)表示,组间比较用独立样本t检验;计数资料以例(%)表示,比较采用χ2检验。采用多因素Logistic回归模型,分析膝关节镜下ACL重建术患者发生TIH的独立危险因素。绘制受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC curve),并计算曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC),分析BPV相关指标的预测价值。P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 两组患者基线资料和围手术期资料比较

本研究纳入的129例患者中,发生TIH 49例,占比37.98%(49/129)。与非TIH组相比较,TIH组止血带使用时间长,止血带压力高,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表1

2.2 两组患者BPV相关指标比较

与非TIH组相比较,TIH组SBP-CV和MAP-CV明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05);两组患者DBP-CV、脉压-CV和MAP比较,差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。见表2

2.3 影响膝关节镜下ACL重建术患者发生TIH的多因素Logistic回归分析

以膝关节镜下ACL重建术患者是否发生TIH为因变量(赋值:TIH = 1,非TIH = 0),以止血带使用时间(赋值: > 95 min = 1,≤ 95 min = 0)、止血带压力(赋值: > 351 mmHg = 1,≤ 351 mmHg = 0)、SBP-CV(赋值: > 8.72% = 1,≤8.72% = 0)和MAP-CV(赋值: > 5.14% = 1,≤5.14% = 0)为自变量,行多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示:止血带压力 > 351 mmHg、SBP-CV > 8.72%和MAP-CV > 5.14%是影响膝关节镜下ACL重建术患者发生TIH的独立危险因素(P < 0.05)。见表3

2.4 BPV相关指标预测膝关节镜下ACL重建术患者发生TIH的ROC curve分析结果

ROC curve分析发现,SBP-CV和MAP-CV预测膝关节镜下ACL重建术患者发生TIH的AUC分别为0.787(95%CI:0.702~0.872)和0.791(95%CI:0.715~0.867)。见表4图1

3 讨论

3.1 TIH的临床发展现状

止血带在下肢手术中应用较为普遍,虽然其可以有效地减少手术中的出血量,为术者提供良好的手术视野,但也容易引发一系列生理反应,包括:局部组织肿胀、血压的明显波动和神经损伤等,尤其是高血压[10-11]。本研究纳入的129例患者中,发生TIH 49例,发生率为37.98%,与夏玉中等[12]报道的结果相近。既往研究[13-14]表明,TIH与患者住院时间延长存在密切关联,这提示:准确筛选和评估高风险TIH,有助于促进患者术后康复,降低医疗负担。

3.2 发生TIH的原因

本研究中,多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:止血带压力 > 351 mmHg、SBP-CV > 8.72%和MAP-CV > 5.14%是膝关节镜下ACL重建术患者发生TIH的独立危险因素。目前,临床关于术中止血带的压力设定标准不同,多依据患者SBP和肢体闭塞压力进行计算,导致术中血压控制效果不一致[15]。有研究[16]指出,若止血带压力设定过高,容易导致肢体大量缺血,进一步激活交感神经系统,导致全身血压升高;止血带施加的压力,会刺激交感神经反射,致使心率加快和外周血管收缩,引发系统性高血压。CHOUDHARY等[17]研究也指出,止血带使用60 min后,血压升高等相关不良反应的发生率会进一步增加。

3.3 BPV相关指标与发生TIH的关系

BPV是反映机体心血管系统对于血压调控能力的重要指标。在手术过程中,BPV的增加,表明血流动力学不稳定,一般通过标准差或变异系数等统计学方法来衡量[18]。一项关于BPV指标与成人非心脏手术不良预后的Meta分析[19]结果表明,BPV与患者术后预后不良存在密切关联。LIM等[20]研究发现,SBP-CV是糖尿病患者发生心血管不良事件的独立危险因素。有研究[21]指出,SBP-CV的升高,表明在手术过程中,收缩压的波动加剧,通常与患者的生理状态不稳定、焦虑或疼痛等因素相关,而大幅度的血压波动,容易导致内脏器官灌注不均,增加心血管意外事件和TIH发生风险。MAP是临床常用来评估全身器官灌注状态的生理参数,在手术过程中,应保持相对稳定,变异度高一般提示患者术中生理状态不佳,会增加TIH的发生风险[22]。一项大型重症监护医学信息数据库的回顾性研究[23]表明,高MAP-CV与ICU患者病死率风险增加相关,且MAP-CV能够快速、简单地预测ICU患者病死率。

3.4 SBP-CV和MAP-CV预测膝关节镜下ACL重建术患者发生TIH的价值

本研究通过绘制ROC curve,分析BPV相关指标预测膝关节镜下ACL重建术患者发生TIH的效能,结果显示:SBP-CV和MAP-CV预测膝关节镜下ACL重建术患者发生TIH的AUC分别为:0.787和0.791,这表明:MAP-CV在该预测模型中略优于SBP-CV,预测能力较好。考虑原因可能是:MAP的波动与全身灌注和器官功能更密切相关。因此,MAP-CV对TIH的预测能力较SBP-CV强。MAP代表了一个心动周期中动脉血压的平均值,与器官灌注密切相关。器官的正常功能依赖于稳定的血液灌注,而MAP正是维持这种灌注的关键因素。相比之下,SBP仅反映心脏收缩期的压力,不能全面地体现整个心动周期的灌注情况[24]。在ACL手术中使用止血带期间,机体为保证重要器官灌注,会进行自我调节,而MAP-CV反映了MAP在术中的波动程度,较大地波动意味着器官灌注不稳定[25]。CRAIG等[26]报道发现,MAP-CV与交感神经激活存在密切关联,交感神经兴奋后,释放去甲肾上腺素等神经递质,作用于心血管系统,使外周血管收缩,心率加快,进而升高血压。SBP-CV受心脏收缩功能和外周血管弹性影响较大,而MAP-CV更能反映机体整体灌注状态和应激反应,可能也是MAP-CV预测TIH效能略优于SBP-CV的原因,这提示:在膝关节镜下ACL重建术中,重点监测MAP-CV的变化,对于及时识别TIH风险,具有重要的临床意义。医生可以结合MAP-CV和SBP-CV两个指标的变化情况,优化术后管理,减少术后并发症的发生。

3.5 本研究的局限性

本研究样本量较小,结果可能存在一定偏倚,后续将扩大样本量,进一步验证本研究结论的普遍性与可靠性,以帮助临床实践中,更好地识别和管理TIH的发生风险。

综上所述,止血带压力、SBP-CV和MAP-CV与膝关节镜下ACL重建术患者发生TIH有关,且MAP-CV和SBP-CV对TIH具有较好的预测价值,可作为术后监测的重要指标。

参考文献

[1]

BEARD D J, DAVIES L, COOK J A, et al. Rehabilitation versus surgical reconstruction for non-acute anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL SNNAP): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet, 2022, 400(10352): 605-615.

[2]

SAUERESSIG T, BRAUN T, STEGLICH N, et al. Primary surgery versus primary rehabilitation for treating anterior cruciate ligament injuries: a living systematic review and Meta-analysis[J]. Br J Sports Med, 2022, 56(21): 1241-1251.

[3]

周琦, 高明阳, 于丽丽, . 经耳迷走神经刺激对前交叉韧带重建术患者止血带相关高血压的影响[J]. 中华麻醉学杂志, 2024, 44(3): 272-276.

[4]

ZHOU Q, GAO M Y, YU L L, et al. Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on tourniquet-induced hypertension in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction[J]. Chinese Journal of Anesthesiology, 2024, 44(3): 272-276. Chinese

[5]

BOYLE S L, MOODLEY A, AZAZI E AL, et al. Preoperative heart rate variability predicts postinduction hypotension in patients with cervical myelopathy: a prospective observational study[J]. Neurol India, 2022, 70(): S269-S275.

[6]

ZHAO Y, YU H T, GONG A W, et al. Heart rate variability and cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study[J]. Eur J Clin Invest, 2024, 54(1): e14085.

[7]

WUJTEWICZ M, OWCZUK R. Heart rate variability in anaesthesiology-narrative review[J]. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther, 2023, 55(1): 1-8.

[8]

PARK S, LEE H C, JUNG C W, et al. Intraoperative arterial pressure variability and postoperative acute kidney injury[J]. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 2020, 15(1): 35-46.

[9]

VALENCIA MORALES D J, GARBAJS N Z, TAWFIC S S, et al. Intraoperative blood pressure variability and early postoperative stroke: a case-control study[J]. Am Surg, 2023, 89(12): 5191-5200.

[10]

秦福恩, 黄青青, 巩固. 超声引导下腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞对膝关节镜下交叉韧带重建术患者止血带相关反应的影响[J]. 临床麻醉学杂志, 2023, 39(6): 565-570.

[11]

QIN F E, HUANG Q Q, GONG G. Effect of ultrasound-guided supra-inguinal fascia iliaca block on tourniquet-associated reactions during arthroscopic cruciate ligament reconstruction[J]. Journal of Clinical Anesthesiology, 2023, 39(6): 565-570. Chinese

[12]

KIM J W, LEE A R, PARK E S, et al. Comparison of bolus administration effects of lidocaine on preventing tourniquet-induced hypertension in patients undergoing general anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial[J]. Anesth Pain Med (Seoul), 2022, 17(1): 35-43.

[13]

BEYNNON B D, PIUS A K, TOURVILLE T W, et al. The duration of thigh tourniquet use associated with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction does not produce cellular-level contractile dysfunction of the quadriceps muscle at 3 weeks after surgery[J]. Am J Sports Med, 2022, 50(11): 2925-2934.

[14]

夏玉中, 王海涛, 宋广东, . 股神经阻滞联合股动脉旁阻滞对老年患者全膝关节置换术中止血带高血压反应的影响[J]. 中华实用诊断与治疗杂志, 2024, 38(11): 1093-1097.

[15]

XIA Y Z, WANG H T, SONG G D, et al. Effect of femoral nerve block combined with femoral para-arterial block on tourniquet-induced hypertension in the elderly receiving total knee arthroplasty[J]. Journal of Chinese Practical Diagnosis and Therapy, 2024, 38(11): 1093-1097. Chinese

[16]

WAHAL C, GRANT S A, GADSDEN J, et al. Femoral artery block (FAB) attenuates thigh tourniquet-induced hypertension: a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial[J]. Reg Anesth Pain Med, 2021, 46(3): 228-232.

[17]

RICHARDS O, CHEEMA Y, GWILYM B, et al. Clinical effects of tourniquet use for nontraumatic major lower limb amputation: a two-center retrospective cohort study[J]. Ann Vasc Surg, 2024, 104: 53-62.

[18]

KIM E, CHO M R, BYUN S H, et al. Sympathetic predominance before tourniquet deflation is associated with a reduction in arterial blood pressure after tourniquet deflation during total knee arthroplasty[J]. Physiol Res, 2021, 70(3): 401-412.

[19]

刘秀叶, 郭琼梅, 王莉, . 右美托咪定抑制老年高血压患者下肢手术止血带相关高血压的临床研究[J]. 河北医药, 2021, 43(21): 3258-3261.

[20]

LIU X Y, GUO Q M, WANG L, et al.Clinical effects of dexmedetomidine in inhibiting tourniquet-induced hypertension in elderly patients with hypertension undergoing lower limb surgery[J]. Hebei Medical Journal, 2021, 43(21): 3258-3261. Chinese

[21]

CHOUDHARY A, KANODIA N, AGRAWAl S, et al. Tourniquet use in arthroscopic ACL reconstruction: a blinded randomized trial[J]. Indian J Orthop, 2020, 55(2): 384-391.

[22]

SAPUTRA P B T, LAMARA A D, SAPUTRA M E, et al. Long-term systolic blood pressure variability independent of mean blood pressure is associated with mortality and cardiovascular events: a systematic review and Meta-analysis[J]. Curr Probl Cardiol, 2024, 49(2): 102343.

[23]

PUTOWSKI Z, CZOK M, KRZYCH Ł J. The impact of intraoperative blood pressure variability on the risk of postoperative adverse outcomes in non-cardiac surgery: a systematic review[J]. J Anesth, 2022, 36(2): 316-322.

[24]

LIM S, CHUNG S H, KIM J H, et al. Effects of metabolic parameters' variability on cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients[J]. Cardiovasc Diabetol, 2023, 22(1): 114.

[25]

FATANI N, DIXON D L, VAN TASSELL B W, et al. Systolic blood pressure time in target range and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with hypertension[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2021, 77(10): 1290-1299.

[26]

OCHIAI R, TERADA T, SAKAMOTO N. Comparative evaluation of stroke volume variation measured by pulse wave transit time and arterial pressure wave[J]. Technol Health Care, 2024, 32(2): 651-662.

[27]

王玉妹, 张琳琳, 周益民, . 平均动脉压变异度与重症患者短期预后的关系:基于大型临床数据库MIMIC-Ⅲ的回顾性分析[J]. 首都医科大学学报, 2022, 43(4): 630-634.

[28]

WANG Y M, ZHANG L L, ZHOU Y M, et al. Mean arterial pressure variability and the prognosis in intensive care unit patients: a retrospective analysis of the MIMIC-Ⅲ database[J]. Journal of Capital Medical University, 2022, 43(4): 630-634. Chinese

[29]

KARAHAN A, ZOR U. Relationship of 24-hour mean arterial pressure with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertension: insights from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring[J]. Anatol J Cardiol, 2024, 28(12): 592-598.

[30]

HOU C W, WANG X, LI Y K, et al. The relationship between short-term mean arterial pressure variability and mortality in critically ill patients[J]. Front Cardiovasc Med, 2022, 9: 870711.

[31]

CRAIG J C, BROXTERMAN R M, CERBIE J F, et al. The dynamic adjustment of mean arterial pressure during exercise: a potential tool for discerning cardiovascular health status[J]. J Appl Physiol (1985), 2021, 130(5): 1544-1554.

AI Summary AI Mindmap
PDF (771KB)

0

访问

0

被引

详细

导航
相关文章

AI思维导图

/