儿童青少年久坐行为干预的域外经验与启示

Extraterritorial Experience and Implications for the Intervention of Sedentary Behavior in Children and Adolescents

摘要

儿童青少年久坐行为已成为当下世界各国面临的共同难题,如何改善儿童青少年久坐行为和提高儿童青少年体力活动成为关注焦点和研究热点。基于社会生态学视角,国外对儿童青少年久坐行为的改进策略主要包含以下方面:在个体层面,以获得“快乐运动体验”为宗旨,提高儿童青少年参与动机；在家庭层面,构建良好的体育锻炼环境,鼓励儿童青少年的体育锻炼参与；在学校层面,构建学校课内、课外一体化的综合性儿童青少年运动干预；在社区层面,构建良好的社区体育建成环境,提供完善的社区体育服务；在政策层面,颁布大量久坐行为活动指南,创建联动、高效的政策执行机制。鉴于国外在儿童青少年久坐行为的经验,对我国具有以下积极镜鉴:转变理念,正确认识儿童青少年学校相关久坐行为带来的“双刃效益”；强化研究,重视我国儿童青少年久坐行为循证证据的累积；量化标准,为我国儿童青少年久坐行为提供可操作化的建议；优化环境,构建“家-校-社”多元主体协同参与的生态支持网络。

Abstract

The sedentary behavior of children and adolescents has become a common problem faced by all countries in the world. How to improve the sedentary behavior and strengthen the physical activity of children and adolescents has become a focus and research hotspot. Based on the perspective of social ecology, the strategies to improve sedentary behavior of children and adolescents mainly include the following aspects: at the individual level, the purpose of "happy sports experience" is to improve the motivation of children and adolescents to participate in sports activities; at the family level, it is necessary to create a good physical exercise environment and encourage children and adolescents to participate in physical exercise; at the school level, the construction of school class, extracurricular integration of comprehensive children and adolescents sports intervention is recommended; at the community level, it is encouraged to build a good environment for community sports and provide perfect community sports services; at the policy level, a large number of guidelines on sedentary behavior should be issued to create a linked and efficient policy implementation mechanism. In view of the experience in children's and adolescents' sedentary behavior in other countries, China can learn the following positive lessons: changing the concept and correctly understanding the "double-edge benefits" brought by children's and adolescents' school-related sedentary behavior; strengthening the research and attaching importance to the accumulation of evidence-based data of sedentary behavior in Chinese children and adolescents; quantitative standards to provide actionable suggestions for the sedentary behavior of Chinese children and adolescents; optimize the environment and building an ecological support network with the collaborative participation of multiple entities of "home-school-community".

关键词

儿童青少年 / 久坐行为 / 社会生态学

Key words

children and adolescents / sedentary behavior / social ecology

参考文献

[1] TREMBLAY M S, AUBERT S, BARNES J D, et al. Sedentary Behavior Research Network (SBRN) - Terminology Consensus Project Process and Outcome[J]. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2017, 14(75): 2-17.

[2] BAUMAN A E, PETERSEN C B, BLOND K, et al. The Descriptive Epidemiology of Sedentary Behaviour[M]. Cham: Springer, 2018: 73-106.

[3] CHAPUT J P, WILLUMSEN J, BULL F, et al. 2020 WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour for Children and Adolescents Aged 5-17 Years: Summary of the Evidence[J]. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2020, 17(1): 1-9.

[4] SCHAERZ S. Physical Activity and the Development of Executive Function in Healthy Children: A Bioecological Perspective[J]. Kinesiology Review, 2025, 14(3): 1-13.

[5] BRONFENBRENNER U. Social Ecology of Human Development[J]. Brain and Intelligence: The Ecology of Child Development, 1973: 113-129.

[6] 苏晓红, 李炳光, 田英. 基于社会生态学模型的青少年体育锻炼行为相关因素分析[J]. 沈阳体育学院学报, 2017, 36(4): 70-76.

[7] KONTOSTOLI E, JONES A P, PEARSON N, et al. Age‐Related Change in Sedentary Behavior during Childhood and Adolescence: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis[J]. Obesity Reviews, 2021, 22(9): 13263-13272.

[8] SALMON J, TREMBLAY M S, MARSHALL S J, et al. Health Risks, Correlates, and Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Behavior in Young People[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2011, 41(2): 197-206.

[9] HERMAN K M, SABISTON C M, MATHIEU M E, et al. Sedentary Behavior in a Cohort of 8-to 10-Year-Old Children at Elevated Risk of Obesity[J]. Preventive Medicine, 2014, 60(3): 115-120.

[10] KIMIECIK J C, HORN T S. Examining the Relationship Between Family Context and Children’s Physical Activity Beliefs: The Role of Parenting Style[J]. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2012, 13(1): 10-18.

[11] NOORDSTAR J J, NET J V D, JAK S, et al. Global Self-esteem, Perceived Athletic Competence, and Physical Activity in Children: A Longitudinal Cohort Study[J]. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 2016, 34(4): 64-72.

[12] TIMO J, SAMI Y P, ANTHONY W, et al. Perceived Physical Competence towards Physical Activity, and Motivation and Enjoyment in Physical Education as Longitudinal Predictors of Adolescents’ Self-reported Physical Activity[J]. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2016, 19(9): 750-754.

[13] VESELSKA Z, GECKOVA A M, REIJNEVELD S A, et al. Socio-economic Status and Physical Activity among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Self-esteem[J]. Public health, 2011, 125(11): 763-768.

[14] HM GOVERNMENT. Childhood Obesity: A Plan for Action[Z], 2016-08-01.

[15] AOK. Familienstudie 2018[EB/OL]. [2024-03-31] https://www.lsv-sh.de/sportwelten-projekte/sport soziales/familiensport/

[16] SIMPKINS S D, FREDRICKS J A, ECCLES J S. Charting the Eccles' Expectancy-value Model from Mothers' Beliefs in Childhood to Youths' Activities in Adolescence[J]. Developmental Psychology, 2012, 48(4): 1019-32.

[17] HOLM K E, WYATT H R, MURPHY J R, et al. Parental Influence on Child Change in Physical Activity during A Family-based Intervention for Child Weight Gain Prevention.[J]. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 2012, 9(5): 661.

[18] SCHOEPPE, S., RÖBL, M., LIERSCH, S., KRAUTH, C., & WALTER, U.. Mothers and Fathers Both Matter: The Positive influence of Parental Physical Activity Modeling on Children’s Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Pediatric Exercise Science, 2016, 28(3): 466-472.

[19] QUARMBY T, DAGKAS S. Children's Engagement in Leisure Time Physical Activity: Exploring Family Structure as a Determinant[J]. Leisure Studies, 2010, 29(1): 53-66.

[20] TANDON P S, ZHOU C, SALLIS J F, et al. Home Environment Relationships with Children’s Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Screen Time by Socioeconomic Status[J]. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2012, 9(1): 1-9.

[21] TIMPERIO A F, STRALEN M V, et al. Direct and Indirect Associations Between the Family Physical Activity Environment and Physical Activity Participation among 10-12 Year-old European Children: Testing the EnRG Framework in the ENERGY Project[J]. The International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2013, 10(15): 1-10.

[22] SILVA D A S, CHAPUT J P, KATZMARZYK P T, et al. Physical Education Classes, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behavior in Children[J]. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2018, 50(5): 995-1004.

[23] BAGOT K L, ALLEN F C L, TOUKHSATI S. Perceived Restorativeness of Children's School Playground Environments: Nature, Playground Features and Play Period Experiences[J]. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 2015, 41(3): 1-9.

[24] XU Z, SHEN S J, WEN Y H. The Relationship Between Fundamental Movement Skills and Physical Activity in Preschoolers: A Systematic Review[J]. Early Child Development and Care, 2024, 194(2): 323-334.

[25] XU F, CHEPYATOR-THOMSON J, LIU W, et al. Association Between Social and Environmental Factors and Physical Activity Opportunities in Middle Schools[J]. European Physical Education Review, 2010, 16(2): 183-194.

[26] DEMETRIOU Y, SUDECK G, THIEL A, et al. The Effects of School-based Physical Activity Interventions on Students' Health-related Fitness Knowledge: A Systematic Review[J]. Educational Research Review, 2015, 16(10): 19-40.

[27] HYNDMAN B, TELFORD A, FINCH C F, et al. Moving Physical Activity Beyond the School Classroom: A Social-Ecological Insight for Teachers of the Facilitators and Barriers to Students' Non-curricular Physical Activity[J]. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 2012, 37(2): 1-24.

[28] PUDE JJ, MARQUES-VIDAL P, SCHINDLER C, et al. Effect of Multidimensional Lifestyle Intervention on Fitness and Adiposety in Predominantly Migrant Preschool Children (Ballabeina): Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial[J]. BMJ, 2011, 13(10): 343-344.

[29] SINGH G K, SIAHPUSH M, KOGAN M D. Neighborhood Socioeconomic Conditions, Built Environments, and Childhood Obesity[J]. Health Affairs, 2010, 29(3): 503-512.

[30] FRANK L, KAVAGE S. A National Plan for Physical Activity: The Enabling Role of The Built Environment[J]. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 2009, 6(2): 186-195.

[31] FAN Y, CHEN Q. Family functioning as A Mediator Between Neighborhood Conditions and Children's Health: Evidence from A National Survey in the United States[J]. Social Science & Medicine, 2012, 74(12): 1939-1947.

[32] REIS R S, HALLAL P C, PARRA D C et al. Promoting Physical Activity Through Community-wide Policies and Planning: Findings from Curitiba, Brazil[J]. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 2010, 7(2): 137-145.

[33] HAMM J, SIEBERT E. What Opportunities Are There for Children with Disabilities to Participate in Physical Activities in Their Community?[J]. Journal of Physical Education Recreation & Dance, 2014, 85(1): 51- 51.

[34] 陈长洲, 王红英, 项贤林, 等 . 改革开放40年我国青少年体质健康政策的回顾、反思与展望[J]. 体育科学, 2019, 39(3): 38-47.

[35] SALVESEN D, EVENSON K R, RODRIGUEZ D A, et al. Factors Influencing Implementation of Local Policies to Promote Physical Activity: A Case Study of Montgomery County, Maryland[J]. Journal of Public Health Management & Practice, 2008, 14(3): 280-288.

[36] CARSON V, STEPHEN, et al. Systematic Review of Sedentary Behaviour and Health Indicators in School-aged Children and Youth: An Update[J]. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 2016, 6(3): 240-265.

[37] 郭强, 汪晓赞, 蒋健保. 我国儿童青少年身体活动与久坐行为模式特征的研究[J]. 体育科学, 2017, 37(7): 17-29.

[38] CHAPUT J P, CARSON V, GRAY C E, et al. Importance of All Movement Behaviors in A 24 Hour Period for Overall Health[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 2014, 11(12): 12575-12581.

[39] TAN K, CAI L, LAI L, et al. Association of Reallocating Time in Different Intensities of Physical Activity with Weight Status Changes among Normal-Weight Chinese Children: A National Prospective Study[J]. Inter J Environ Res Public Health, 2020, 17(16): 5761-5771.

[40] DALENE K E, ANDERSSEN S A, ANDERSEN L B, et al. Cross-sectional and Prospective Associations Between Physical Activity, Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in Children and Adolescents[J]. Obes Sci Pract, 2017, 3(3): 249-257.

基金资助

国家社会科学基金一般项目(23BTY078)