职业足球俱乐部梯队运动员的压力适应:事件掌控与应对策略的选择

Promoting Stress Adaptation of Adolescent Players in Professional Football Clubs:Event Control and Choice of Coping Strategies

摘要

目的:探讨职业足球俱乐部梯队运动员的心理压力类型,以及基于压力源事件掌控和应对策略选择的心理压力干预方案对压力适应的影响。方法:采用定性与定量混合的准实验设计,评价以事件掌控和应对策略选择为核心的系列课程对压力应对的影响。分别在干预开始前、4周干预后和8周后随访的3个时间点对某职业足球俱乐部梯队运动员进行心理压力问卷测评。并在干预结束后,进行访谈补充定量研究的结果。结果:梯队足球运动员共报告23种压力事件。如果梯队足球运动员认为压力事件可控,那么有效应对策略以问题解决为主；而如果他们认为事件可控性较差或不可控,那么有效应对策略以情绪调节为主。干预后运动员对任务导向和脱离导向应对能力的改善有显著效应(Ps < 0.05),同时显著提高了以问题为中心和以情绪中心应对的自我效能(Ps < 0.05)。结论:基于压力事件掌控和应对策略选择的压力干预方案,可以促进职业足球俱乐部梯队运动员的压力适应。

Abstract

Objective: To explore the types of psychological stress among professional football club adolescent players, as well as the impact of psychological stress intervention plans based on stress source event control and coping strategy selection on stress adaptation. Method: A mixed qualitative and quantitative quasi-experimental design was adopted to evaluate the impact of a series of courses selected based on event control and coping strategies on stress response. The psychological stress questionnaires were conducted on adolescent athletes from a professional football club at three time points before the intervention, after four weeks of intervention, and after eight weeks of follow-up. After the intervention, interviews were conducted to supplement the quantitative research results. Result: Adolescent football players reported a total of twenty-three sources of stress. If adolescent football players believed that stress events were controllable, effective coping strategies focused on solving problems. If they believed that the controllability of the events was poor or uncontrollable, then effective coping strategies mainly focused on emotional regulation. After the intervention, athletes had a significant effect on improving their task-oriented and detachment-oriented coping abilities (Ps<0.05), while significantly enhancing their self-efficacy in problem-centered and emotion-centered coping (Ps<0.05). Conclusion: A stress intervention plan based on stress event control and coping strategy selection could promote the stress adaptation of adolescent football players.

关键词

足球 / 心理压力 / 应对策略 / 压力适应

Key words

football / psychosocial stress / coping strategy / stress adaptation

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基金资助

国家社科科学基金教育学一般课题(BLA210215)