To investigate the impact of environmental regulations on agricultural green technology innovation efficiency, this study adopts an innovation value chain perspective and divides the process into scientific research output stage and achievement transformation stage. Based on the application of the two-stage global network SBM-DEA model to measure agricultural green technology innovation efficiency, a panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2008 to 2021 (The data do not include those of Xizang, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan regions. The same below.) was taken to analyze the effects on the efficiency of these two stages and its underlying mechanisms of environmental regulations. The results demonstrate that: 1) Environmental regulations significantly enhance the efficiency of green scientific research output, and significantly diminish the efficiency of achievement transformation;2) The mechanism analysis illustrates that environmental regulation can influence the efficiency of agricultural green technology innovation through the scale management and fiscal support for agriculture. And the two complement each other, synergistically affecting the efficiency of agricultural green technology innovation;3) Further analysis reveals that the negative impact of regulatory policies on the efficiency of green transformation shows a ‘deceleration effect’ with the improvement of environmental regulation policies. At the same time, an increase in the level of large-scale management strengthens the effect of rules on the efficiency of both stages of innovation. This study provides empirical evidence for the Chinese government to formulate and improve agricultural green development plans.
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