栽培方式对快菜生长、营养及风味物质的影响
周新原 , 刘明池 , 郑鄢燕 , 陈婕 , 左进华 , 王云香 , 梁浩 , 季延海
中国农业大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7) : 108 -116.
栽培方式对快菜生长、营养及风味物质的影响
Effects of cultivation methods on the growth, nutrition and flavor substances of Chinese cabbage
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为探究栽培模式(水培、土培)对快菜生长期生长、营养及风味物质的影响,以‘京研快菜4号’快菜为材料,采用水培(营养液循环)、土培(定期浇施同配方营养液)2种方式在玻璃连栋温室中种植,系统测定生长期内生长指标、营养物质及挥发性风味物质含量。结果表明:1)水培模式显著促进了植株的形态发育和产量形成(P<0.05)。种植28 d后,与土培快菜相比,水培快菜的株高、叶长、叶宽和叶面积分别增加了28.90%、15.61%、18.17%和35.92%。2)水培快菜的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率等光合参数低于土培快菜。3)水培快菜的营养物质含量、风味物质丰富度及含量低于土培快菜,水培快菜的Vc和可溶性蛋白含量均显著低于土培快菜(P<0.05),降幅分别为9.63%和16.02%。离子迁移谱分析表明,土培快菜中含有更多种类和更高浓度的风味物质,如反式-2-己烯-1-醇、乙酸异戊酯及二烯丙基硫醚等关键风味物质。综上,水培栽培模式更有利于快菜的快速生长和产量提升,而土培栽培模式则更有助于促进其营养物质的积累和复杂香气风味的形成。
In order to explore the effects of cultivation modes (hydroponics and soil culture) on the growth, nutrition and flavor substances of Chinese cabbage during the growth period, ‘Jingyan No.4’ Chinese cabbage was used as the experimental materia. Two methods of hydroponics (nutrient solution circulation) and soil culture (regular irrigation with the same formula nutrient solution) were used in the glass multi-span greenhouse. The growth indexes, nutrients and volatile flavor substances during the growth period were systematically measured. The results showed that: 1) Hydroponic culture significantly promoted plant morphological development and yield formation (P<0.05). After 28 days of cultivation, the plant height, leaf length, leaf width and leaf area of hydroponics were increased by 28.90%, 15.61%, 18.17% and 35.92%, respectively, compared with those of soil culture. 2) The photosynthetic parameters such as net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of hydroponics were lower than those of soil culture. 3) The nutrient content, richness and content of flavor substances in hydroponics were lower than those in soil culture. The contents of Vc and soluble protein in hydroponics were significantly lower than those in soil culture (P<0.05), with a decrease of 9.63% and 16.02%, respectively. Electronic nose and ion mobility spectrometry analysis showed that soil-cultured Chinese cabbage contained more kinds and higher concentrations of flavor substances, such as trans-2-hexen-1-ol, isoamyl acetate and diallyl sulfide. In summary, the hydroponic cultivation mode is more conducive to the rapid growth and yield increase of Chinese cabbage, while the soil cultivation mode is more conducive to the accumulation of nutrients and the formation of complex aroma flavor.
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北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20240508)
北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20240407)
国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-23-G-06)
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