To explore the relationship between new-quality productive force and the resilience improvement of agricultural industrial chains, based on the provincial panel data from 2012 to 2023, this study uses benchmark regression models, mechanism testing models, and spatial Durbin models to investigate the impact, mechanism, and spatial effects of new-quality productive force. The results showed that new-quality productive force has a positive impact on enhancing the resilience of the agricultural industry chains; The positive impact is significant in the eastern and western regions, regions with high levels of economic development, and regions with high levels of marketization, while the impact is not significant in the central region, regions with low levels of economic development, and regions with low levels of marketization; The impact of new-quality productive force on enhancing the resilience of the agricultural industry chains can be achieved by improving agricultural production efficiency and promoting the upgrading of the agricultural industry structure; The new-quality productive force has a promoting effect on the resilience of the local agricultural industry chain, and has a positive spatial spillover effect on adjacent areas. In view of this, new-quality productive force should be adapted to regional contexts through dual pathways of efficiency and structure, while establishing cross-regional factor sharing and risk prevention mechanisms to enhance the resilience of the agricultural industry chains.
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