This study aims to optimize the design of agricultural credit guarantee (ACG) policy, reduce the risk of credit default of new agricultural business entities (NABEs), and improve the efficiency of rural financial services. Based on the field survey data of NABEs in Shaanxi, Shanxi and Jiangsu provinces. LPM, Probit, mediating effect model and Fisher combination test are employed to empirically examine the inhibitory effect of risk sharing mechanism on ACG default of NABEs. The study found that the risk sharing mechanism has a significant inhibitory effect on the default of ACG, and this effect can be achieved by reducing financing costs, increasing the willingness to repay loans, and reducing the pressure on repayment. In addition, the risk sharing mechanism exhibits significant heterogeneity in its default suppression effect, which is more prominent not only among ACG subjects under the non-“government-bank-guarantee” mode, with weak government support, and outside the category of farmer cooperatives, but also among credit objects without agricultural insurance coverage and with loans from small and medium-sized banks.
考虑到线性概率模型(Linear probability model,LPM模型)的回归系数能反映风险分担机制每变化一个单位时,新型农业经营主体在农业信贷担保融资中的违约风险期望变化量,故本研究采用LPM模型分析风险分担机制对新型农业经营主体农业信贷担保违约的抑制效应。模型设定如下:
Risk i =α+βsharing i +δXi +ɛi
式中:Risk i 为被解释变量,表示实际客观测到的新型农业经营主体在农业信贷担保融资中的违约行为;sharing i 为风险分担机制,即模型的核心解释变量,以担保机构在农业信贷担保业务中承担的风险比例衡量; Xi 为控制变量向量;ɛi 为随机扰动项。α、β、δ均为模型的待估计参数。若β<0,则说明风险分担机制对新型农业经营主体农业信贷担保违约具有抑制效应。
式中:Rate i 、Willingness i 、Pressure i 分别为第i个样本在农业信贷担保融资中的贷款利率、还贷意愿和还贷压力,r0、w0、p0均为模型的截距项,r1和r2、w1和w2以及p1和p2均为待估计系数,对所有观测值均相同,ri 、wi 、pi 均为模型的随机扰动项。若r1和p1均<0,且通过显著性水平检验,说明风险分担机制有利于降低新型农业经营主体的融资成本和还贷压力。同理,若w1>0,且通过显著性水平检验,则说明风险分担机制有助于增强新型农业经营主体的还贷意愿,从而有效抑制其农业信贷担保违约。
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