To investigate the impact of policy-oriented agricultural insurance on grain production resilience, this study utilizes panel data from 31 Chinese provinces from 2005 to 2023 (The data do not include those of Xizang, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan regions. The same below). Employing a quasi-natural experiment based on the pilot policies of full-cost insurance and crop revenue insurance, a multi-period Difference-in-Differences model is used to empirically examine the policy’s effect on grain production resilience and its underlying mechanisms. The findings reveal that: 1) The pilot policy significantly enhances the level of grain production resilience, a result that remains valid after a series of robustness tests. 2) The positive impact of the pilot policy on grain production resilience is primarily achieved through three channels: the income guarantees effect, the mitigation of risk shocks, and the incentive to expand the scale of operations. 3) The effect of the pilot policy on grain production resilience exhibits significant heterogeneity across different regions, with more pronounced effects observed in western regions and areas with advanced large-scale agricultural management. These findings provide important policy implications for further promoting the nationwide expansion of the pilot policy and for fully leveraging the role of agricultural insurance in enhancing the resilience of grain production.
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