粳稻萌发期综合抗逆性鉴选体系构建及种质筛选
李淑梅 , 张燕红 , 韩磊 , 田仕华 , 杜孝敬 , 侯天钰 , 袁杰 , 苏秀娟 , 邓晓娟 , 王奉斌
中国农业大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9) : 277 -289.
粳稻萌发期综合抗逆性鉴选体系构建及种质筛选
Development of a comprehensive stress resistance identification system during japonica rice germination stage and germplasm screening germination stage
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为筛选粳稻萌发期具有耐盐、耐旱和耐低温综合抗逆性的优良品种(系),以295份水稻育成品种(系)为材料,萌发期在人工气候箱内模拟干旱(DS)、盐(SS)和低温(LT)3种非生物逆境胁迫处理,以正常萌发条件为对照(CK),测定供试材料的发芽势、发芽率、根长、芽长、根数,并计算各指标的相对值及变异系数(CV),采用加权隶属函数法、主成分分析和聚类分析构建多重耐逆性评价体系,并筛选优异的抗逆种质。结果表明:不同胁迫下各相对性状的CV存在差异,SS和DS胁迫下均以相对发芽势的CV最大,分别为4.63和1.44;LT的相对发芽率CV最大,为1.55。基于综合评价(D)和各相对性状指标间的相关分析发现,盐胁迫的鉴定指标为相对发芽势、相对发芽率、相对芽长、相对根数和相对根长;干旱胁迫的鉴定指标为相对发芽率、相对根长、相对发芽势和相对根数;低温胁迫下以相对发芽率、相对根数、相对芽长和相对根长作为鉴定指标。通过聚类分析将各胁迫下水稻品种划分为高耐、中等耐受和敏感3大类群。各品种的D在盐胁迫下为0.150~0.780,干旱胁迫下D为0.261~0.720,低温胁迫的D为0.153~0.736。基于隶属函数均值()与标准差(s)相结合的方法进行抗性等级划分构建萌发期兼具耐盐、耐旱和耐低温的粳稻评价体系,并通过韦恩图分析筛选出1份同时对盐、旱、低温3种胁迫均表现高耐的核心种质(‘p24’),6份既耐盐又耐旱(‘p116’‘p118’‘p122’‘p144’‘p32’‘p69’),7份既耐盐又耐低温(‘p10’‘p120’‘p13’‘p223’‘p253’‘p268’‘p84’)和4份耐旱兼耐低温(‘p148’‘p17’‘p219’‘p3’)的优异粳稻种质。
To screen for superior japonica rice varieties (lines) with combined tolerance to salt, drought, and low temperature during germination stage, 295 rice varieties (lines) were used as materials. Under simulated abiotic stress conditions of drought (DS), salt-alkali (SS), and low temperature (LT) inside an artificial climate chamber during germination stage, indicators such as germination potential, germination rate, root length, shoot length, and root number of the tested materials were measured with normal germination conditions as the control (CK). The relative values and coefficients of variation (CV) of these indicators were determined. A comprehensive multi-tolerance evaluation system was constructed using the weighted membership function method, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, and stress-tolerant germplasm resources were screened. The results showed that the CV of each relative trait varied with stress type. Under salt stress and drought stress, relative germination potential exhibited the highest at 4.63 and 1.44, respectively, whereas under low-temperature stress, it exhibited the highest, at 1.55. Based on the comprehensive evaluation value (D) and correlation analysis of relative traits, suitable identification indicators were determined for different stresses. Under salt stress, the identification indicators were relative germination potential, relative germination rate, relative shoot length, relative root number, and relative root length. Under drought stress, the identification indicators were relative germination rate, relative root length, relative germination potential, and relative root number. Under low-temperature stress, the identification indicators were relative germination rate, relative root number, relative shoot length, and relative root length. Through cluster analysis, the rice varieties under each stress were divided into three major groups: Highly tolerant, moderately tolerant, and sensitive. The D values ranged from 0.150 to 0.780 under salt stress, from 0.261 to 0.720 under PEG-simulated drought stress, and from 0.153 to 0.736 under low-temperature stress. Based on the combination of the mean membership function value () and standard deviation (s), a tolerance classification system was established to evaluate japonica rice with combined tolerance to salt, drought, and low temperature during the germination stage. Using Venn diagram analysis, one core germplasm (‘p24’) with high tolerance to salt, drought, and low temperature simultaneously was identified. Additionally, six germplasms (‘p116’, ‘p118’, ‘p122’, ‘p144’, ‘p32’ and ‘p69’) tolerant to both salt and drought, seven germplasms (‘p10’, ‘p120’, ‘p13’, ‘p223’, ‘p253’, ‘p268’ and ‘p84’) tolerant to both salt and low temperature, and four germplasms (‘p148’, ‘p17’, ‘p219’ and ‘p3’) with tolerant to both drought and low temperature were identified as superiort japonica rice germplasms.
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新疆维吾尔自治区“三农”骨干人才培养项目(2024SNGGGCC035)
新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院稳定支持项目(xjnkywdzc-2025001-14)
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01)
国家耐盐碱水稻技术创新中心(三亚市国家耐盐碱水稻技术创新中心)联合攻关课题
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