燕麦种质资源抗倒伏能力鉴定及关键指标评价
张云江 , 米俊珍 , 郑成忠 , 纪明雪 , 焦伟红 , 刘景辉
中国农业大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9) : 341 -354.
燕麦种质资源抗倒伏能力鉴定及关键指标评价
Evaluation of lodging resistance and important indicators in oat germplasm resources
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为明确影响燕麦抗倒伏的关键指标,并鉴定燕麦抗倒伏优异种质资源,以1 018份燕麦种质资源为研究对象,采用田间试验对植株的穗部指标(主穗长、穗位高、穗位系数、穗鲜重、主穗小穗数、穗铃数、主穗粒数、主穗粒重、千粒重)、茎部形态(株高、单茎鲜重、重心高度、茎秆第1和2节间长度、茎秆壁粗、茎秆壁厚)及力学特性(茎秆抗折力、穿刺强度和倒伏指数)共19个指标进行测定,采用主成分分析、聚类分析和综合评价方法进行抗倒伏能力评价,并结合随机森林模型和结构方程模型对供试燕麦种质抗倒伏能力及关键指标作用路径进行解析。结果表明:1 018份燕麦种质资源表型变异丰富,株高与穗位高、单茎鲜重、重心高度均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);倒伏指数与茎秆抗折力、茎秆穿刺强度均呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。在主成分分析中,前7个主成分的特征值均>1.045,累计贡献率76.128%,其中第1主成分与植株形态相关,第2主成分与穗部性状相关,第3、4、7主成分均与植株茎秆力学特性相关。聚类分析将1 018份燕麦种质资源划分为5大类群,第Ⅳ类群整体表现低重心、短节间、高茎秆力学强度,共包括6份种质,分别是‘ND2116’、‘ND2633’、‘ND2208’、‘ND139’、‘ND2581’和‘ND1595’。随机森林模型分析显示,茎秆抗折力的相对重要性最高,约为77%,模型解释率为92%。结构方程模型中,株高和重心高度对倒伏指数均具有正向作用,标准化路径系数分别为0.368和0.981,茎秆力学指标对倒伏指数具有负向作用,标准化路径系数为-0.73,模型可解释倒伏指数78.6%的变异。综上,株高、重心高度和茎秆抗折力是影响燕麦倒伏的关键指标,较低的株高和重心高度、较高的茎秆抗折力可作为燕麦抗倒伏种质筛选的重要依据;1 018份燕麦种质通过聚类划分为5大类群,其中第Ⅳ类群的6份种质为抗倒伏优异种质,可用于燕麦抗倒伏性状改良。
To clarify the important indicators affecting oat lodging and identify superior oat germplasm resources with lodging resistance, 1 018 oat germplasm resources were used as experimental materials. A field experiment was conducted to measure 19 indicators including panicle traits (main panicle length, panicle height, panicle height coefficient, panicle fresh weight, number of spikelets per main panicle, panicle branch number, grain number per main panicle, grain weight per main panicle, and 1 000-grain weight), stem morphology traits (plant height, single-stem fresh weight, center-of-gravity height, first and second internode lengths, stem diameter, and stem wall thickness), and mechanical traits (stem bending resistance, puncture strength, and lodging index). Principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and comprehensive evaluation were adopted to evaluate lodging resistance. Random forest and structural equation models were further applied to analyze the lodging resistance and key indicator pathways of the tested oat germplasm resources. The results showed that the 1 018 oat germplasm resources exhibited abundant phenotypic variation. Plant height was extremely significantly positively correlated with panicle height, single-stem fresh weight, and center-of-gravity height (P<0.01), while lodging index was extremely significantly negatively correlated with stem bending resistance and stem puncture strength (P<0.01). Principal component analysis showed that the eigenvalues of the first seven principal components were all greater than 1.045, with a cumulative contribution rate of 76.128%. The first principal component was associated with plant morphology, the second principal component was associated with panicle traits, and the third, fourth, and seventh principal components were associated with stem mechanical properties. Cluster analysis divided the 1 018 oat germplasm resources into five groups. Group Ⅳ was characterized by low center-of-gravity height, short internodes, and high stem mechanical strength, and six lodging-resistant germplasm resources were identified from this group, namely ‘ND2116’ ‘ND2633’ ‘ND2208’ ‘ND139’ ‘ND2581’ ‘ND1595’. In the random forest model, stem bending resistance showed the highest relative importance, approximately 77%, and the model explained 92% of the variation. The structural equation model showed that plant height and center-of-gravity height had positive effects on lodging index, with standardized path coefficients of 0.368 and 0.981, respectively, whereas stem mechanical indicators had a negative effect on lodging index, with a standardized path coefficient of -0.73. The model explained 78.6% of the variation in lodging index. In conclusion, plant height, center-of-gravity height, and stem bending resistance were the key indicators affecting oat lodging. Lower plant height and center-of-gravity height, together with higher stem bending resistance, can serve as important criteria for screening lodging-resistant oat germplasm. The 1 018 oat germplasm resources were divided into five groups by cluster analysis, and the six lodging-resistant germplasm resources identified from group Ⅳ can be used for improving lodging resistance in oat.
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燕麦全产业链科技创新团队(BR22-12-05)
内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(BR22-11-15)
国家燕麦荞麦产业技术体系(CARS-07)
内蒙古自治区燕麦工程实验室能力建设项目(BR221023)
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