Analysis and utilization of temperature and light resources suitability for high-quality production of single cropping mid-season rice in Anhui Province
To optimize the utilization of regional climatic resources for rice quality improvement, based on daily meteorological data from 62 stations in the main single cropping mid-season production areas of Anhui Province from 1991 to 2024, combined with a rice grain quality evaluation model based on meteorological factors, this study analyzed the trends in average temperature, solar radiation, diurnal temperature range, and the comprehensive meteorological index during the key quality formation period for single-season indica rice (short for mid-season indica) and single-season japonica rice (short for mid-season japonica) in Anhui Province. Climate trend analysis and significance tests were applied to examine these variables, and the optimal full heading dates for high-quality production under climate change were also determined for both rice types. The results showed that over the past 34 years, the average temperature during the key period for mid-indica rice increased by 0.37 ℃ per decade in the region along the Huai River (short for the Yanhuai region), and by 0.49 ℃ per decade in both the region between the Yangtze and Huai River (short for the Jianghuai region) as well as the region along the Yangtze River and the region south of Yangtze River (short for the Yanjiang Jiangnan region). For mid-season japonica rice, the corresponding increases were 0.24, 0.36 and 0.50 ℃ per decade, respectively. Warming trends in the Jianghuai and Yanjiang Jiangnan regions were statistically significant for both varieties (P<0.01). Solar radiation during the key period for mid-season indica rice exhibited a decreasing trend (-0.01 MJ/(m2·10 a)) in the Yanhuai region but increasing trends in the Jianghuai region (0.16 MJ/(m2·10 a)) and the Yanjiang Jiangnan region (0.19 MJ/(m2·10 a)). For mid-season japonica rice, radiation decreased in the Yanhuai region (-0.21 MJ/(m2·10 a)) and the Jianghuai region (-0.30 MJ/(m2·10 a)), while a slight increase occurred in the Yanjiang Jiangnan region (0.07 MJ/(m2·10 a)). The diurnal temperature range for mid-season indica rice increased across all regions (0.04, 0.16 and 0.18 ℃ per decade for Yanhuai, Jianghuai, and Yanjiang Jiangnan region, respectively), whereas it decreased for mid-season japonica rice in all regions (-0.15, -0.13 and -0.05 ℃ per decade for the corresponding region ). The comprehensive meteorological index for both mid-season indica and mid-season japonica rice showed a declining trend, suggesting that climate change is increasingly unfavorable to rice quality formation. For mid-season indica rice, the suitable full heading dates for Anhui Province under climate change are during August 18-22 in most parts of the Yanhuai region, northern and central Jianghuai region, and southern Jiangnan region, and August 23-27 in the southern Jianghuai region and most parts of the eastern Yanjiang Jiangnan region. For mid-season japonica rice, the optimal full heading dates are during August 23-27 in the Huai River region and northern-central Jianghuai region; August 28-September 1 in the southern Jianghuai region and Jiangnan region; and September 2-6 in most parts of the Yanjiang region. Implementing these adjusted heading dates significantly enhanced the proportion of high-quality rice production compared to conventional practices. This study provides a scientific basis for the strategic use of regional climate resources to improve rice quality in Anhui Province.
由表3可见:1991—2024年安徽省沿淮、江淮和沿江江南区域中粳稻米品质综合气象指数分别为26.4、26.6和25.8,每10 a 的降幅分别为0.05、0.47、0.90。中籼稻米品质综合气象指数沿淮、江淮和沿江江南区域分别为24.9、24.4、23.7,每10 a降幅分别为0.25、0.28、0.68。综上可见,现有种植制度下气候变化不利于中籼和中粳稻米品质的形成。
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