To clarify the biochemical composition characteristics and genetic diversity of indigenous tea germplasm in Guizhou, and to screen for elite and special germplasm resources, 322 indigenous tea accessions collected from 13 counties and cities in Guizhou were used as experimental materials. Twelve biochemical components were quantified by HPLC, including caffeine (CAF), theanine (Thea), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Multivariate statistical methods including correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) were used for comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that the dominant biochemical components of Guizhou indigenous tea germplasm were EGCG, epicatechin gallate (ECG), and CAF, with average contents of 4.47%, 3.38%, and 2.45%, respectively. The coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 57.54% to 208.45%, with a mean value of 104.67%. The genetic diversity index (H′) varied from 0.63 to 1.96, with a mean value of 1.57. The phenotypic differentiation coefficient indicated that inter-population variation was the primary source of biochemical diversity in Guizhou tea germplasm, with inter-population variation (60.35%) being significantly higher than intra-population variation (14.69%). Correlation analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that altitude was the most influential environmental factor affecting the biochemical composition of tea germplasm. It was extremely significantly negatively correlated with CAF, EGCG, and epigallocatechin (EGC) (P<0.01). Cluster analysis classified the 13 populations into three distinct groups based on biochemical profiles: Group Ⅰ consisted of Sandu tea germplasm characterized by high content of TB and C; Group Ⅱ comprised Panzhou, Huishui, Nayong, and Pu’an tea germplasm with high content of TC, EC and ECG; Group Ⅲ included the remaining eight tea germplasm populations distinguished by high contents of CAF and EGCG. PCA extracted four principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 76.01%. CAF and EGCG had high loading coefficients in the first principal component and were the key determinants of the comprehensive score. Liping tea germplasm achieved the highest comprehensive score due to its high contents of CAF and EGCG. This study performed a multidimensional analysis on indigenous tea germplasm in Guizhou. The findings can provide a scientific basis for the accurate identification of tea resources, variety breeding, and development of characteristic tea products.
为更好地筛选出区分3个类别茶树种质,基于12个生化成分开展OPLS-DA分析,构建辨别模型,R2Y和Q2值分别为0.88和0.87,表明基于生化成分的不同类别茶树种质辨别模型具有高可靠性。变量投影重要性(Variable importance in projection,VIP)代表自变量对应变量的重要程度,以VIP>1.0的标准[45],筛选出7个关键成分可用于区分3个类别,分别是:EGCG、TB、C、CAF、EC、ECG和TC(图4)。来自SD的原生茶树种质单独形成第Ⅰ类,TB和C含量极显著高于第Ⅱ类和第Ⅲ类(P<0.01);PZ、HS、NY和PA种质组成第Ⅱ类,TC、EC和ECG含量极显著高于第Ⅰ类和第Ⅲ类(P<0.01);DZ、RH、JS、WM、LP、TZ、XS和WC的种质组成第Ⅲ类,CAF和EGCG含量极显著高于第Ⅰ类和第Ⅱ类(P<0.01,图5)。
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