1.Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266520,China
2.Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China
3.Key Laboratory of Industrial Fluid Energy Conservation and Pollution Control,Ministry of Education,Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266520,China
4.Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China
During high-speed operation of gravity-type seed delivery, seeds collide with the pipeline wall during high-speed operation of gravity-type seed delivery, which causes overlapping of adjacent seed flow, disrupts the ordered seed flow discharged from the seed metering device and deteriorates seeding quality, A high-speed airflow seed guiding device for maize based on the annular gap ejection principle was designed in this study. An upper-suction and lower-blow flow field structure was constructed via annular narrow slits to realize accurate picking and uniform conveying of seeds at the outlet of the seed metering device. Based on fluid dynamics theory, the action mechanism of the annular gap ejection structure during seed delivery was clarified, and a dynamic model for maize seed migration was established. DEM-CFD gas-solid coupling numerical analysis on structural parameters of the annular gap was carried out, and the optimal parameter combination was determined as follows: inlet width of annular gap 4 mm, outlet width 1.2 mm and annular gap length of 20 mm, with the variation coefficient of seed delivery consistency reaching 8.61% under this configuration. Bench tests indicated that when the operating speed was ≤14 km/h, the qualify rate of the device was≥95.9%, the missing seeding rate ≤1.8%, and the coefficient of variation of plant spacing ≤14.7%, exhibiting favorable adaptability to variations in operating speed. Field experiments indicate that at the operating speed of 8-14 km/h, the device achieves a qualify rate of 95.2%-97.5%, a miss-seeding rate of 0.9%-2.4% and a plant spacing variation coefficient of 14.5%-21.9%, compared to the conventional gravity-type seed guiding device and can satisfy the technical requirements of precision maize seeding. The research findings provide theoretical basis and engineering references for optimizing the seed delivery scheme of vacuum precision seed metering systems, and hold important practical value for improving maize precision seeding quality and guaranteeing the uniformity of field crop population structure.
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