针对玉米播种机高速作业时种子剧烈碰撞引起的粒距均匀性差、能量损失大等问题,基于文丘里效应设计了一种正压气流引射辅助输种的导种装置,明确了装置的主要结构与关键参数;采用离散元软件与流体动力学软件(Computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method,EDEM-Fluent)耦合方法对导种装置工作过程进行仿真,解析其内部气固两相流动力学特性;通过响应面法优化气流辅助导种装置结构参数,将种子平均碰撞次数和出口平均水平速度作为评价指标,获得最优参数为出种口弯曲半径30 mm、收缩-膨胀角80°、竖直种管与倾斜气流管交点距出种口137.5 mm;开展“有气流工况”与“无气流工况”仿真对比分析,结果表明:1)气流辅助使玉米种子出口水平速度较无气流工况提升78.5%;2)种子运动轨迹的随机性显著降低,速度稳定性明显增强;3)气流的拖曳与推送作用减轻种子与管壁的碰撞损耗,使种子出口速度和运动轨迹更加稳定。仿真结果表明,所设计的气流辅助导种装置可改善导种阶段种子的出口运动特性,可为后续样机试制与台架试验提供结构参数参考。
Abstract
To address the issues of poor seed spacing uniformity and significant energy loss caused by intense seed collisions during high-speed maize planting, a seed guiding device using positive pressure airflow induction was designed based on the Venturi principle. The main structure and key parameters were determined. The gas-solid two-phase flow dynamics inside the device were investigated via EDEM-Fluent coupled simulations. Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the structural parameters, with the average number of seed collisions and mean horizontal outlet velocity serving as evaluation indicators. The optimal parameters were identified as: seed outlet bend radius of 30 mm, contraction-expansion angle of 80°, and distance from the intersection of the vertical seed tube and the inclined airflow tube to the seed outlet of 137.5 mm. A comparative simulation between “airflow” and “no-airflow” conditions showed that: 1) the horizontal outlet velocity of seeds increased by 78.5% under airflow assistance; 2) the randomness of seed trajectories was reduced and velocity stability was enhanced; 3) the drag and propulsion of the airflow mitigated collision losses with the tube wall, resulting in more stable outlet velocity and trajectories. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed device improves seed outlet motion characteristics during the guiding stage, providing structural parameter references for subsequent prototype fabrication and bench tests.
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