This study aims to investigate the role of high-standard farmland construction (HSFC) in enhancing the green total factor productivity of grain. Using a sample of 708 maize-growing households from ten provinces including Heilongjiang, Shandong, Henan, and Sichuan, this study explores the multi-dimensional effects of HSFC on the green production behaviors of micro-level farmers. From the perspective of heterogeneous farmer behavior, this study decomposes farmers' green technology adoption behaviors into three aspects: conservation tillage, organic fertilizer application, and efficient water-saving irrigation technology. This analytical framework deepens the understanding of the internal composition and mechanisms of these technologies. The research findings are as follows: 1) HSFC has a significantly positive impact on grain green total factor productivity (GGTFP). Specifically, equal conditions, GGTFP of farmers participating in HSFC is 14.43% higher than that of non-participating farmers. 2) Heterogeneity analysis reveals distinct structural differences in the green productivity-enhancing effects of HSFC: the promoting effect is greater among middle-aged and older farmers, full-time farmers, central and western regions, and areas with active land transfer. 3) Further analysis indicates that HSFC enhances GGTFP by promoting farmland scale management and the adoption of green production technologies. According to the contribution rate from highest to lowest, these include conservation tillage, organic fertilizer application, and efficient water-saving irrigation technology. In conclusion, the current HSFC policy demonstrates overall effectiveness in enhancing GGTFP, albeit with individual heterogeneity. Future efforts should further optimize the implementation pathway of HSFC policy along multiple dimensions: policy approaches, regional disparities, technology extension, and policy coordination.
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