考虑行波效应和竖向地震动影响的沉管隧道地震响应分析

Seismic response analysis of immersed tunnel considering traveling wave effect and vertical ground motion

摘要

沉管隧道是由多个管节通过接头纵向相连的浅埋细长地下结构,地震动输入方式对其地震响应的影响值得关注。基于某实际工程,考虑场地土沿沉管隧道纵向的变化,探讨其在一致输入、行波输入以及横向和竖向同时输入等不同地震动输入方式下的地震响应规律。对比分析表明:横向地震作用下的接头水平相对位移是纵向地震作用下的2~3倍,沉管隧道横向抗震性能同样值得关注;行波效应使隧道的接头相对变形增大,对于长大隧道而言行波效应不容忽视;沿隧道纵向地层不均匀性导致隧道不同位置处内力和位移响应存在差异;竖向地震动能在一定程度上放大接头相对变形,同时也是引起管节之间相对变形的直接因素,因此竖向地震动的影响也不容忽视;沉管隧道接头处既是受力较大的部位,同时也是变形较大的部位,是抗震的薄弱和关键部位,应予以重视。研究成果对沉管隧道的抗震设计与分析具有一定的参考价值。

Abstract

The immersed tunnel is generally a shallow-buried slender underground structure with multiple segments connected longitudinally through the joints. The influence of ground motion input mode on its seismic response is worthy of attention. Based on a practical project, considering the changes of the site soil along the longitudinal direction of the immersed tunnel, the law of its seismic response under different ground motion input methods such as uniform input, traveling wave input, and simultaneous input of horizontal and vertical ground motions is discussed. The comparative analysis based on this paper shows that the horizontal relative displacement of the joint under transverse earthquake is 2~3 times that under longitudinal earthquake, and the transverse seismic performance of immersed tunnel should be paid attention to. The traveling wave effect increases the relative deformation of tunnel joints, which cannot be ignored for long tunnels. The inhomogeneity of the stratum along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel leads to differences in internal force and displacement responses at different locations of the tunnel. The vertical ground motion can enlarge the relative deformation of the joint to a certain extent. At the same time, it is also the direct factor causing the relative deformation of pipe segments. The influence of vertical ground motion cannot be ignored. The joint of immersed tunnel is not only a part with large internal forces, but also a part with large deformation. Therefore, it is a weak and key part of seismic resistance. The research results of this paper have certain reference value for the seismic design and analysis of the immersed tunnel.

关键词

隧道工程 / 沉管隧道 / 地震响应 / 管节接头 / 行波效应

Key words

tunnel engineering / immersed tunnel / seismic response / segment joint / traveling wave effect

参考文献

[1] Anastasopoulos I, Gerolymos N, Drosos V, et al. Nonlinear response of deep immersed tunnel to strong seismic shaking[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2007, 133(9): 1067-1090.

[2] Kiyomiya O. Earthquake-resistant design features of immersed tunnels in Japan[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 1995, 10(4): 463-475.

[3] 刘鸿哲, 黄茂松. 超长沉管隧道纵向地震响应频域分析方法[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2015, 37(11): 1971-1978.

[4] Liu Hongzhe, Huang Maosong. Frequency-domain analysis method for longitudinal seismic response of super-long immersed tunnels[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2015, 37(11): 1971-1978. (in Chinese)

[5] 禹海涛, 张正伟, 李攀, 等 . 土岩变化地层长隧道纵向地震响应解析解[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(7): 1244-1250.

[6] Yu Haitao, Zhang Zhengwei, Li Pan, et al. Analytical solution for longitudinal seismic responses of long tunnels crossing soil-rock stratum[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2019, 41(7): 1244-1250. (in Chinese)

[7] 陈红娟, 闫维明, 陈适才, 等 . 基于有限元-无限元的沉管隧道三维动力响应分析[J]. 现代隧道技术, 2018, 55(3): 106-111.

[8] Chen Hongjuan, Yan Weiming, Chen Shicai, et al. Analysis of 3D dynamic response of immersed tunnels based on finite element/infinite element[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2018, 55(3): 106-111. (in Chinese)

[9] 徐笑然, 赵旭, 杜修力. 港珠澳跨海工程沉管隧道三维地震反应分析[J]. 震灾防御技术, 2016, 11(1): 44-54.

[10] Xu Xiaoran, Zhao Xu, Du Xiuli. Three-dimensional seismic response analysis of immersed tunnel project in Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau[J]. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 2016, 11(1): 44-54. (in Chinese)

[11] 李心熙, 禹海涛, 李春元, 等 . 沉管隧道暗埋段三维大规模地震响应分析[J]. 现代隧道技术, 2021, 58(4): 104-108,140.

[12] Li Xinxi, Yu Haitao, Li Chunyuan, et al. 3D large-scale seismic response analysis of bored section of an immersed tunnel project[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2021, 58(4): 104-108,140. (in Chinese)

[13] Yu Haitao, Yan Xiao, Bobet A, et al. Multi-point shaking table test of a long tunnel subjected to non-uniform seismic loadings[J]. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2018, 16(2): 1041-1059.

[14] Yu Haitao, Yuan Yong, Xu Guoping, et al. Multi-point shaking table test for long tunnels subjected to non-uniform seismic loadings-part II: application to the HZM immersed tunnel[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2018, 108: 187-195.

[15] 陈红娟, 闫维明, 陈适才, 等 . 沉管隧道-接头-场地土振动台试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2018, 40(4): 634-644.

[16] Chen Hongjuan, Yan Weiming, Chen Shicai, et al. Shaking table tests on immersed tunnel-joint-soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2018, 40(4): 634-644. (in Chinese)

[17] 袁松, 王峥峥, 周佳媚. 隧道地震动力计算边界取值范围研究[J]. 土木工程学报, 2012, 45(11): 166-172.

[18] Yuan Song, Wang Zhengzheng, Zhou Jiamei. Study on the model boundary determination in tunnel’s earthquake dynamic analysis[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2012, 45(11): 166-172. (in Chinese)

[19] Zhuang Haiyang, Hu Zhonghua, Wang Xuejian, et al. Seismic responses of a large underground structure in liquefied soils by FEM numerical modelling[J]. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2015, 13(12): 3645-3668.

[20] Baziar M H, Nabizadeh A, Mehrabi R, et al. Evaluation of underground tunnel response to reverse fault rupture using numerical approach[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2016, 83: 1-17.

[21] 丁文其, 谢东武, 乔亚飞, 等 . 车陂路-新滘东路隧道工程-城市复杂环境沉管隧道工程设计计算分析报告[R]. 上海: 同济大学, 2020.

[22] Ding Wenqi, Xie Dongwu, Qiao Yafei, et al. Chepi Road-Xinjiao East Road tunnel project-design calculation and analysis report of immersed tube tunnel in urban complex environment[R]. Shanghai: Tongji University, 2020. (in Chinese)

[23] 王国波, 巴峰, 孙富学, 等 . 非一致激励下长大盾构隧道结构地震响应分析[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2020, 42(7): 1228-1237.

[24] Wang Guobo, Ba Feng, Sun Fuxue, et al. Seismic response analysis of long shield tunnels under non-uniform excitation[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2020, 42(7): 1228-1237. (in Chinese)

[25] 谢雄耀, 易成敏, 李伟平, 等 . 甬江沉管隧道运营期接头监测数据安全性分析[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(12): 2338-2344.

[26] Xie Xiongyao, Yi Chengmin, Li Weiping, et al. Safety analysis of settlement monitoring data of joints of Yongjiang immersed tube tunnel during operation period[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2019, 41(12): 2338-2344. (in Chinese)

[27] 胡健中, 王勇, 徐国平, 等 . 沉管隧道国产化GINA止水带试验研究及选型设计[J]. 现代隧道技术, 2020, 57(4): 171-177.

[28] Hu Jianzhong, Wang Yong, Xu Guoping, et al. Experimental study and selection design of domestic GINA gasket for the immersed tunnel[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2020, 57(4): 171-177. (in Chinese)