地震－降雨工况下海岸悬崖岩体稳定性分析与治理——以蓬莱阁丹崖山为例

Stability analysis and stabilization measures for coastal cliff rock mass under earthquake-rainfall conditions: a case study of Danya Mountain at Penglai Pavilion

摘要

以山东省烟台市蓬莱阁景区内的丹崖山岩体为研究对象，通过将无人机获取的数字高程模型(digital elevation model，DEMs)与3DEC离散元模拟相结合，构建了包含离散裂隙网络(discrete fracture network，DFN)中卸荷裂隙的地质模型。系统分析了岩体在自然、暴雨、地震及耦合作用下的稳定性和破坏机制。利用多工况强度折减法，得出自然工况下安全系数(factor of safety，FOS)为1.492，表明岩体整体稳定。然而，在暴雨(FOS=1.242)和地震(FOS=1.352)作用下，稳定性有所下降。在降雨和7级地震耦合作用下，安全系数降至0.991，最大剪应力比自然工况下增加36%，使岩体接近失稳临界状态。研究进一步验证了锚索注浆复合支护的加固效果，安全系数提高到1.522，位移减少37%，有效缓解了应力集中。研究结果表明:多灾害耦合显著加剧了岩体失稳风险，而复合支护措施为历史建筑保护提供了定量决策支持。不过，为确保长期安全，实时监测和定期数值评估至关重要。

Abstract

This study focuses on the Danya mountain rock mass in the Penglai Pavilion Scenic Area, Yantai City, Shandong Province. By integrating unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-derived digital elevation models (DEMs) with 3DEC discrete element modeling, a geological model incorporating unloading fractures within a discrete fracture network (DFN) was established. The stability and failure mechanisms of the rock mass under natural conditions, rainstorm, earthquake, and coupled effects were systematically analyzed. Using the strength reduction method under multiple working conditions, the safety factor (FOS) under natural conditions was determined to be 1.492, indicating overall stability of the rock mass. However, stability decreased under rainstorm (FOS=1.242) and earthquake (FOS=1.352) conditions. Under the coupled effect of rainfall and an M7.0 earthquake, the safety factor decreased to 0.991, with the maximum shear stress increasing by 36% compared to natural conditions, bringing the rock mass close to a critical state of instability. The study further validated the reinforcement effect of cable-grouting composite support, which increased the safety factor to 1.522, reduced displacement by 37%, and effectively alleviated stress concentration. The results demonstrate that multi-hazard coupling significantly exacerbates the risk of rock mass instability, while composite support measures provide quantitative decision-making support for the protection of historical structures. However, to ensure long-term safety, real-time monitoring and regular numerical evaluations are crucial.

关键词

海蚀崖 / 离散元建模 / 降雨－地震耦合 / 岩体稳定性 / 锚索注浆加固

Key words

sea cliff / discrete element modeling / rainfall-seismic coupling / rock mass stability / anchor cable grouting reinforcement

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