地震作用下桩基破坏形式研究综述

Summary of the research on the failure modes of pile foundation under earthquake

摘要

桩基是当前应用最为广泛的深基础形式之一，由于其震害具有隐蔽性，相关报道甚少。基于大量文献资料，从震害调查、模型试验和数值分析三个角度对桩基震害现象及其失效机理进行分析总结。震害调查结果显示：桩基破坏主要是由地震时非液化、液化无扩展及液化侧向扩展，及断层作用等因素，造成了桩基失稳、刚度突变处桩基断裂、承台失效等桩基破坏震害现象；振动台试验是学者为研究震害机理所开展的桩土相互作用的一种有效手段，主要包括大型振动台试验和离心振动台试验，通过振动台试验揭示了一些桩－土相互作用中桩基破坏现象及桩身反应规律；数值模拟分析是研究者开展土结构相互作用的另一有效手段，既可以预先合理指导试验方案，又可以弥补试验条件的局限性，开展更为系统的桩土相互作用研究，探寻地震作用下桩基反应模式及规律、桩基内力分布形式、桩身破坏形式及其原因。在此基础上，对桩基震害研究的未来研究方向进行了展望。

Abstract

Pile foundation is one of the most widely used deep foundation forms at present. Due to its hidden earthquake damage, there are few related reports. Based on a large number of literature sources, the earthquake damage phenomenon and failure mechanism of pile foundations are analyzed and summarized from three perspectives: seismic damage investigation, model test and numerical analysis. The results of the earthquake damage investigation show that the pile foundation damage is mainly caused by factors such as non-liquefaction, non-expansion of liquefaction, lateral expansion of liquefaction, and fault action during the earthquake, resulting in pile foundation instability, pile foundation fracture at sudden stiffness changes, and failure of caps. To study the failure phenomenon, the shaking table test, mainly including large-scale shaking table and centrifugal shaking table tests, is an effective means of pile-soil interaction carried out by scholars to investigate the earthquake damage mechanism. Through these tests, the pile foundation failure phenomenon and the response law of the pile body in pile-soil interaction have been revealed. Numerical simulation analysis is another effective method for researchers to carry out soil structure interaction, which can not only reasonably guide the test plan in advance, but also make up for the limited test conditions and carry out a more systematic pile-soil interaction. Therefore, numerical simulation analysis can be used to explore the pile foundation response mode and law, the distribution form of the internal force of the pile foundation, the failure form of the pile body and its causes under the earthquake action. On this basis, the future research direction of pile foundation earthquake damage research is prospected in this paper.

关键词

桩基失效 / 液化 / 侧向扩展 / 桩－土相互作用 / 震害

Key words

pile failure / liquefaction / lateral expansion / pile-soil interaction / earthquake damage

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基金资助

中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2019B10)

黑龙江省科学基金资助项目(LH2021E121)