产品设计变更对生产计划影响的评估研究

Evaluation of the Impact of Product Design Change on Production Planning

摘要

针对产品设计变更对生产计划影响的评估体系与方法缺失问题，研究以航空零部件制造企业 L 公司为案例，构建时间、成本、质量三维度评估指标体系，提出基于“可拓层次分析法−改进 CRITIC 法−熵权法”的组合赋权方法。通过分析设计变更对生产计划中产值、品种、质量及进度的影响，筛选出 8 项核心指标，并结合专家经验与数据特征，采用线性加权法平衡主客观权重，避免单一赋权偏差。实例分析表明，客户 AE008 的设计变更对生产计划影响的整体水平并不高，9 类产品设计变更对生产计划影响的评分介于 0.028 和 0.839 之间，平均值为 0.256。从分数高于平均值的 3 类产品的数据可以发现，影响评分的指标主要为时间性指标和成本性指标，特别是设计变更订单交期变化率和设计变更的生产成本。研究解决了现有生产计划评估中赋权方法片面性的问题，并通过实际数据量化了设计变更对生产计划的具体冲击，为制造企业评估设计变更提供了理论依据与可行途径。

Abstract

To address the lack of an evaluation framework for assessing the impact of product design changes on production planning, the study uses Company L, an aviation parts manufacturer, as a case study and constructs a three-dimensional evaluation indicator system covering time, cost, and quality. A combined weighting method based on extensible analytic hierarchy process, improved CRITIC method, and entropy weight method is proposed. Firstly, by analyzing the impact of design changes on output value, product variety, quality, and schedule in the production plans, eight key indicators are selected. Then, expert experience and data characteristics are integrated throuth a linear weighting method to balance subjective and objective weights and avoid the bias of a single weighting approach. The case analysis shows that the overall impact of customer AE008's design changes on production planning is not high. The impact scores of nine product design changes range from 0.028 to 0.839, with an average of 0.256. Based on data from three product categories with above-average scores, the results show that the main factors affecting the scores are time- and cost-related indicators, especially the variation rate of order delivery time and the production cost associated with design changes. The study address the one-sidedness of existing weighting methods and quantitatively reveals the specific impact of design changes on production planning through actual data, providing a theoretical basis and a feasible approach for manufacturing enterprises.

关键词

航空零部件 / 设计变更 / 生产计划 / 组合赋权

Key words

aviation parts / design change / production planning / combined weighting

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基金资助

中央高校基本科研业务费项目(3082023ND2023001)