一些花结构的再认识——植物学教材质疑(十二)

Re-understanding of Some Flower Structures: Questioning Botany Textbooks (Ⅻ)

摘要

好的植物学名词及其概念应是清晰和精确的, 而模糊混乱的术语会阻碍植物学的发展和教学。花结构十分复杂多样, 植物学教材关于花结构的名词概念存在许多可疑之处。本文讨论了花结构中hypanthium的起源和多样性及其中文译名、花被概念的分层、花结构开裂的演化、几种花冠的名称混乱、雄蕊与花冠的空间位置关系、瓣形雄蕊和瓣化雄蕊的区别、子房位置与花位的关系、雌蕊柄的起源和生长。其中, 关于雌蕊柄的问题多为推测, 有待实验验证。

Abstract

Expression of an ideal botanical term and its concept should be clear and precise. Ambiguous statements in plant terminology would become barriers to botanical progress and teaching. The structures of flowers are very complex and diverse, and there are many doubtful terms and concepts about the structures in botany textbooks. Herein, many issues on flower structures are discussed, including the origin, diversity and Chinese name of the hypanthium, the concept hierarchy of the perianth, the evolution of flower structure lobes, the name confusion of some corolla types, the spatial position relationship between stamens and corolla, the difference between petaloid stamens and petaloid staminodes, the conceptive relationship between posi-tion of ovary and flower, and the origin and growth of gynophore. Among these problems, our description on gynophore mostly comes from speculation and needs to be verified by experiments.

关键词

植物学教材 / 花结构 / 名词学 / 概念

Key words

botany textbook / flower structure / terminology / concept