民间生物分类的研究进展

Research Progress of Folk Taxonomy

摘要

民间生物分类是一种基于当地文化的方言命名系统, 是指在科学分类以外、存在于民间的对生物进行分门别类的方法和过程。许多研究证明, 民间分类与科学分类法十分相似, 在生物多样性调查与编目、生物文化多样性保护和资源的可持续利用等方面有着非常重要的作用。随着文化同质性和生物多样性丧失的日益加剧, 许多珍贵的民间分类传统知识在没有被记录或被发现之前就已经消失, 亟待抢救。本文对民间生物分类的概念、主要研究内容和进展进行全面回顾, 并对目前民间生物分类存在的问题进行展望, 以期为人们全面了解民间生物分类提供参考, 并为今后民间生物分类的相关研究提供资料。

Abstract

Folk taxonomy is a dialect naming system based on local culture. It refers to the method and pro-cess of categorizing organisms that exist in the folk in addition to scientific taxonomy. Many studies have proven that folk taxonomy is very similar to scientific taxonomy, and it plays an indispensable role in the in-vestigation and documentation of biodiversity, conservation of biocultural diversity, and sustainable use of bioresources. With the increasing cultural homogeneity and biodiversity loss, much precious traditional know-ledge associated with folk taxonomy has been lost before it is recorded and revealed. Thus, it is urgent to save traditional folk taxonomic knowledge. Herein, the concept, main research contents and progress of folk taxonomy were reviewed, and the existing problems in folk taxonomy were prospected, hoping to provide help in fully understanding folk taxonomy and in doing related research.

关键词

民间生物分类 / 民间命名 / 民间分类群 / 传统知识 / 生物文化多样性

Key words

folk taxonomy / folk biological nomenclature / ethnotaxa / traditional knowledge / biocultural diversity