真空铝热还原钒酸钙制备钒铝合金技术

Preparation of Vanadium-Aluminum Alloy by Vacuum Aluminothermic Reduction of Calcium Vanadate

摘要

铝热还原反应放热行为的调控是影响钒铝合金中氧、氮、碳等杂质含量的关键因素之一.为了制备低杂质高品质钒铝合金,本研究提出了一条真空辅助加热还原钒酸钙(Ca₂V₂O₇)制备钒铝合金的新路线,实现了铝热还原反应放热量以及合金产品中氧、氮、碳含量的有效调控.理论分析表明,与V₂O₅相比,钒酸钙通过降低吉布斯自由能变(ΔG)和体系温度,可显著降低铝热反应的放热量,有利于反应过程可控.真空下辅助加热还原钒酸钙的实验结果表明,该方法可实现渣金的良好分离,合金纯度得到显著提升.研究讨论了原料干燥时间对钒铝合金产品质量的影响,发现将原料干燥140 min以上时,铝热还原钒酸钙制备的钒铝合金质量最优,合金中的杂质氧含量降至0.1%,氮含量降至0.009%.研究还发现,将还原副产物炉渣用作耐火材料有助于降低钒铝合金中杂质碳的含量.最终制得的钒铝合金主相为Al₈V₅,分布均匀.该研究有望改变传统钒铝制备工艺,为高品质钒铝合金的工业化生产提供参考.

Abstract

Regulating the exothermic behavior of the aluminothermic reduction reaction is one of the key factors affecting the impurities such as oxygen,nitrogen,and carbon in vanadium aluminum (V-Al) alloy.To prepare high-quality V-Al alloy with low impurities,this paper proposes a novel route for preparing V-Al alloy via vacuum-assisted heating reduction of calcium vanadate (Ca₂V₂O₇),achieving effective control over the exothermic heat of the aluminothermic reduction reaction as well as the oxygen,nitrogen,and carbon contents in alloy.Theoretical analysis indicates that,calcium vanadate significantly reduces the exothermic heat of the aluminothermic reaction by lowering both the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) and the system temperature comparing with vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅),thereby facilitating process control.Experimental results demonstrate that this method enables good slag-metal separation and significantly improves alloy purity.The influence of raw material drying on the product quality of V-Al alloy was investigated.It was found that drying the raw materials for more than 140 minutes yielded the optimal quality of V-Al alloy prepared via aluminothermic reduction of calcium vanadate,with the oxygen content in the alloy reduced to 0.1% and the nitrogen content to 0.009%.The study also revealed that utilizing the reduction by-product slag as a refractory material can help reduce the carbon impurity content in the V-Al alloy.The main phase of the final V-Al alloy was identified as Al₈V₅,with a uniform distribution.This study is expected to transform the conventional production process of V-Al alloy,guidance for the industrial-scale manufacturing of high-quality V-Al alloy.

关键词

辅助加热 / 钒酸钙 / 真空 / 钒铝合金 / 炉渣

Key words

assisted heating / calcium vanadate / vacuum / vanadium-aluminum alloy / slag

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基金资助

2025年引进高层次人才科研平台建设经费(CA25073M221A)

第八批国家“万人计划”科技创新领军人才项目(KKEC202452002)