铁尾矿中磷灰石高效分选试验研究

Experimental Study on Efficient Separation of Apatite from Iron Tailings

摘要

我国华北地区大量铁尾矿中含有低品位磷灰石,具有较高的回收利用价值.针对含磷灰石5.72%(P₂O₅ 2.51%)的铁尾矿,脉石矿物主要为石英,含少量赤、褐铁矿物和硅酸铁等,试验采用“磷浮选——含铁磷精矿磁选除铁”联合工艺高效回收了尾矿中磷灰石.首先进行磷浮选条件试验,采用“一粗一扫”流程,确定了最佳药剂条件;其次通过一次粗选、一次扫选和三次精选浮选闭路流程,获得产率为6.81%的含铁磷精矿,其P₂O₅品位为30.32%,含Fe4.42%,P₂O₅回收率为81.89%;最后对含铁磷精矿采用高梯度磁选除铁提质,经一次粗选得到P₂O₅品位32.53%,含Fe1.23%,P₂O₅回收率80.89%的高品质磷精矿.结果表明,采用浮选—磁选联合工艺实现了铁尾矿中磷灰石的高效富集和提质,为类似铁尾矿中磷资源的选矿回收提供了借鉴方法.

Abstract

A large number of iron tailings in North China contain low-grade apatite,which has a high recycling value.For the iron tailings containing 5.72% apatite (P₂O₅ 2.51%),the gangue minerals are mainly quartz,containing a small amount of hematite,limonite and iron silicate.The combined process of ‘phosphorus flotation:magnetic separation of iron-containing phosphate concentrate’ was used to efficiently recover apatite from the tailings.Firstly,the phosphorus flotation condition test was carried out,and the optimum reagent conditions were determined for one roughing and one scavenging process.Secondly,through a closed-circuit process of one roughing,one scavenging and three cleaning flotation,an iron-containing phosphate concentrate with a yield of 6.81% was obtained,with a P₂O₅ grade of 30.32%,a Fe content of 4.42%,and a P₂O₅ recovery of 81.89%.Finally,the iron-containing phosphate concentrate was removed and upgraded by high gradient magnetic separation.After one roughing,a high-quality phosphate concentrate with P₂O₅ grade of 32.53%,Fe content of 1.23% and P₂O₅ recovery of 80.89% was obtained.The results show that the combined flotation-magnetic separation process has realized the efficient enrichment and upgrading of apatite in iron tailings,providing a reference method for the beneficiation and recovery of phosphorus resources from similar iron tailings.

关键词

铁尾矿 / 磷灰石 / 浮-磁联合 / 高效分选

Key words

iron tailings / apatite / floating-magnetic combination / high efficient sorting

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52064027)

云南省重大科技专项(202202AG050015)