超高矿山边坡安山岩-石英砂岩物理力学性质随深度演化规律

Evolution of Physico-Mechanical Properties of Andesite-Quartz Sandstone with Depth in Ultrahigh Mine Slopes

摘要

西藏某金铜矿边坡高度超1000m,安山岩与石英砂岩分别作为其盖层与含矿岩性,掌握二者物理力学性质演化规律对矿山安全生产至关重要.通过系统开展岩石物理性质测试、单轴抗压强度、压缩变形、点荷载试验及扫描电镜(SEM)分析,结合ZK2421钻孔地应力实测数据,探究两种岩性的物理力学性质与赋存标高的定量关系.结果表明:安山岩各项物理力学参数离散性大于石英砂岩,但二者的单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、密度、地应力等指标均与赋存标高呈负相关关系,孔隙率则随标高降低而线性递减;微观分析表明,石英砂岩的致密胶结结构与高石英含量(>70%)赋予其优异均质性,而安山岩的孔隙发育与长石蚀变导致物理力学性能劣化.分析地应力-强度协同演化机制,建立石英砂岩深部强度预测模型,可为超高边坡稳定性分析与支护设计提供关键参数.从多角度揭示了复杂地质环境下岩石力学行为差异机制,为该矿山资源安全开发提供了理论支撑.

Abstract

A gold-copper mine in Xizang with a slope height exceeding 1000 m contains andesite as the cap rock and quartz sandstone as the ore-bearing lithology.Understanding the evolution of their physical and mechanical properties is essential for safe mining operations.A systematic series of experiments was conducted,including rock physical property measurements,uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) tests,compressive deformation tests,point load tests,and scanning electron microscopy (SEM),in conjunction with in-situ stress (ISS) data from the ZK2421 borehole,to investigate the quantitative relationships between the physical and mechanical properties of both lithologies and their occurrence at elevations.The results indicate that andesite exhibits greater dispersion in its physical and mechanical parameters than quartz sandstone,but the UCS,elastic modulus,density,and ISS indices of both lithologies are negatively correlated with elevation,while porosity decreases linearly with decreasing elevation.Microstructural observations show that quartz sandstone’s dense cementation and high quartz content (>70%) confer excellent homogeneity,whereas the development of pores and feldspar alteration in the andesite leads to the deterioration of its physical and mechanical performance.The synergy mechanism between ISS and rock strength was analyzed,and a deep strength prediction model for quartz sandstone was established to provide key parameters for ultra-high slope stability analysis and support design.A multi-scale perspective reveals the distinct mechanical behaviors of these rocks in a complex geological environment,offering theoretical support for safe resource development in this mining area.

关键词

赋存标高 / 物理力学性质 / 地应力 / 矿物成分 / 微观形貌

Key words

occurrence elevation / physico-mechanical properties / in-situ stress / mineral composition / micromorphology

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(52164010)

国家自然科学基金项目(52364016)

云南省院士专家工作站科技项目(202405AF140045)

昆明市中青年学术和技术带头人科技专项(202405B040035)

中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院有限公司科技创新项目(2022YN05A3)

中国有色金属工业昆明勘察设计研究院有限公司科技创新项目(2023YN06)