湿法炼锌副产赤铁矿制备氧化球团过程中的杂质脱除行为

Impurity Removal Behavior during the Preparation of Oxidized Pellets from Hematite,a Byproduct of Hydrometallurgical Zinc Smelting

摘要

为解决湿法炼锌副产赤铁矿中锌、硫杂质制约其炼铁资源化利用的关键问题,采用铁精粉掺入赤铁矿以制备氧化球团的方法来实现赤铁矿的资源化利用.分析了球团焙烧过程中硫、锌化合物的反应热力学.在优化条件(配碳质量分数为1.5%、预热温度1 000 ℃、预热时间10 min、焙烧温度1 200 ℃、焙烧时间40 min)下,硫主要通过硫酸盐(如CaSO₄、ZnSO₄)在高温下分解生成SO₂气体而脱除;锌则经ZnSO₄分解为ZnO后,在还原气氛下被还原为锌蒸气逸出,而还原条件下金属锌与SO₂反应生成ZnS是制约锌高效脱出的主要原因.氧化球团中硫质量分数从0.86%降至0.01%(硫脱除率约98.86%),满足《高炉用铁球团矿》(GB/T 27692—2024)硫含量的要求;锌质量分数从0.22%降至0.07%(锌脱除率约68.82%),符合炼铁行业要求.焙烧后球团主要物相为Fe₂O₃,残余锌、硫以ZnS形式赋存.本研究结果为湿法炼锌赤铁矿的杂质脱除与资源化利用提供了理论依据.

Abstract

To address the key problem that zinc and sulfur impurities in hematite,a byproduct of hydrometallurgical zinc smelting,hinder its resource utilization in ironmaking,iron concentrate was blended with hematite to prepare oxidized pellets,thereby realizing the resource utilization of hematite.The thermodynamic reactions of sulfur- and zinc-containing compounds during pellet roasting were analyzed.Under the optimized conditions of a carbon addition of 1.5%,a preheating temperature of 1 000 ℃,a preheating time of 10 min,a roasting temperature of 1 200 ℃,and a roasting time of 40 min,sulfur was mainly removed through the high-temperature decomposition of sulfates such as CaSO₄ and ZnSO₄ to generate SO₂ gas.ZnSO₄ first decomposed into ZnO,which was then reduced to zinc vapor and volatilized in a reducing atmosphere,whereas the formation of ZnS through the reaction between metallic zinc and SO₂ under reducing conditions was the main factor restricting the efficient removal of zinc.In the oxidized pellets,the sulfur content decreased from 0.86% to 0.01%,with a sulfur removal rate of about 98.86%,meeting the sulfur-content requirement of “Iron pellets for blast furnaces”(GB/T 27692—2024).The zinc content decreased from 0.22% to 0.07%,with a zinc removal rate of about 68.82%,meeting the requirements of the ironmaking industry.After roasting,Fe₂O₃ was the major phase in the pellets,and the residual zinc and sulfur existed mainly in the form of ZnS.These results provide a theoretical basis for impurity removal and resource utilization of hematite from hydrometallurgical zinc smelting.

关键词

湿法炼锌 / 赤铁矿 / 杂质脱除 / 资源化利用

Key words

hydrometallurgical zinc smelting / hematite / impurity removal / resource utilization

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基金资助

云南省科技厅科技计划项目——基础研究计划(202401BN070001-017)