藻类调控下杞麓湖水体化学需氧量的赋存形态特征

Characteristics of Chemical Oxygen Demand Occurrence Forms in Qilu Lake Under Algal Regulation

摘要

为探究藻类调控下杞麓湖水体化学需氧量(COD)的赋存形态特征,基于2024年4月至2025年3月的月度调查数据,分析了杞麓湖水体总COD(TCOD)、颗粒态COD(PCOD)、溶解态COD(DCOD)、藻类总密度和微囊藻密度的周年变化特征,并采用Spearman相关分析和一元线性回归分析探讨了其相互关系.同时,通过季节性的分级过滤实验,解析了不同季节PCOD来源的粒径(d)组成特征.结果表明:杞麓湖藻类总密度和微囊藻密度变化范围分别为2.29×10⁸~5.73×10⁸ cells/L和7.20×10⁷~5.28×10⁸ cells/L,年均值分别为3.99×10⁸ cells/L和3.09×10⁸ cells/L.TCOD浓度全年处于高位(44~85 mg/L,均值60 mg/L),其变化受PCOD主导.Spearman相关分析显示,TCOD、PCOD与藻类总密度、微囊藻密度均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);DCOD与微囊藻密度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与藻类总密度呈显著正相关(P<0.05).基于回归方程估算,杞麓湖全藻类细胞对PCOD的年均贡献量为26 mg/L,贡献率达85.6%,其中微囊藻细胞贡献量占全藻类细胞贡献量的65.4%,表明藻源性PCOD是杞麓湖水体PCOD的主要来源.受藻类群落结构变化影响,PCOD粒径组成呈现明显的季节差异,夏、秋、冬季以d>30 μm的中、大型颗粒为主,春季0.45 μm<d≤5 μm细小颗粒贡献率明显增加.综上,杞麓湖水体有机污染以藻源PCOD为主导,且其粒径分布受优势藻类形态调控.建议在坚持控源截污的同时,加强针对中、大型粒径藻类群体的定向物理移除,作为快速削减藻源内负荷、辅助降低水体COD浓度的可行措施.

Abstract

This study investigated the characteristics of chemical oxygen demand (COD) occurrence forms under algal regulation in Qilu Lake.Monthly survey data from April 2024 to March 2025 were analyzed to examine the annual variations of total COD (TCOD),particulate COD (PCOD),dissolved COD (DCOD),total algal density and Microcystis density,and then the relationships between different COD fractions and algal density were explored by Spearman correlation analysis and univariate linear regression analysis.Additionally,seasonal size-fractionated filtration experiments were conducted to analyze the particle size (d) composition of PCOD source materials in different seasons.The results showed that the total algal density and Microcystis density in Qilu Lake ranged from 2.29×10⁸ to 5.73×10⁸ cells/L and 7.20×10⁷ to 5.28×10⁸ cells/L,with annual averages of 3.99×10⁸ cells/L and 3.09×10⁸ cells/L,respectively.The TCOD concentration remained at a high level throughout the year,ranging from 44 to 85 mg/L,with an annual average of 60 mg/L.Its annual variation was primarily driven by PCOD.Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between TCOD,PCOD and both total algal density and Microcystis density (P<0.01);while DCOD exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with Microcystis density(P<0.01) and a significant positive correlation with total algal density(P<0.05).Further estimation based on the univariate linear regression equation showed that the average annual contribution of total algal cells to the PCOD in the lake water was 26 mg/L,accounting for 85.6% of the total.Among these,Microcystis cells contributed 65.4% of the total algal contribution,indicating that algal-derived PCOD is the primary source of PCOD in Qilu Lake.Influenced by seasonal changes in the algal community structure,the particle size composition of PCOD exhibited distinct seasonal variations.Medium and large particles (d>30 μm) predominated in summer,autumn,and winter,while the contribution rate of fine particles (0.45 μm<d≤5 μm) increased markedly in spring.In conclusion,organic pollution in Qilu Lake is predominantly driven by algal-derived PCOD,and its particle size distribution is regulated by the morphology of the dominant algae.It is suggested that,while continuing to control external pollution inputs,targeted physical removal of medium and large algal aggregates should be strengthened as a feasible measure to rapidly reduce internal algal-derived loads and assist in lowering the COD concentration in the water.

关键词

杞麓湖 / 化学需氧量 / 藻类 / 微囊藻 / Spearman相关分析

Key words

Qilu Lake / chemical oxygen demand / algae / Microcystis / Spearman correlation analysis

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基金资助

云南省生态环境厅2023年省级环保专项资金(省对下)项目(云环通﹝2023﹞28号)